Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
Gallic acid is recognized as a notable bioactive compound among secondary polyphenolic metabolites. In the current study, gallic acid-enriched extracts were obtained from mango peels using different solvents (ethanol or water) via ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimized yields were compared wi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Open Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0116 |
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| author | Riaz Tuba Hayat Zafar Akram Kashif Saleem Kinza Rehman Hafeez ur Azam Muhammad Tariq Zara Rehman Shafiq ur Meraj Asif Farooq Umar Shafi Afshan |
| author_facet | Riaz Tuba Hayat Zafar Akram Kashif Saleem Kinza Rehman Hafeez ur Azam Muhammad Tariq Zara Rehman Shafiq ur Meraj Asif Farooq Umar Shafi Afshan |
| author_sort | Riaz Tuba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gallic acid is recognized as a notable bioactive compound among secondary polyphenolic metabolites. In the current study, gallic acid-enriched extracts were obtained from mango peels using different solvents (ethanol or water) via ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimized yields were compared with the conventional extraction technique (decoction). Independent variables for the optimization through response surface methodology were ethanol concentration (0–60%), solvent ratio (10–50 mL/g), temperature (30–60℃), and time (10–30 min) for ethanolic extraction. However, extraction carried out by using water had extraction conditions of pH (2–8), solvent ratio (20–0 mL/g), extraction temperature (40–70℃), and time (30–60 min). The optimized yield of gallic acid obtained through ethanol was 5.75 ± 0.21 mg/g, whereas 3.14 ± 0.24 mg/g of gallic acid was quantified in extraction through water. The results were compared with the aforementioned conventional method of decoction, and it was concluded that the ethanolic extracts of mango peels showed the highest gallic acid yield and total flavonoid contents. The obtained extracts could be a potential source of polyphenolics, especially gallic acid, for use in nutraceuticals as well as in other food applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:36:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63ca2b41a0af4cfba761f3e03dfef890 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2391-5420 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:36:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-63ca2b41a0af4cfba761f3e03dfef8902023-09-11T06:59:23ZengDe GruyterOpen Chemistry2391-54202023-09-012113091910.1515/chem-2023-0116Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peelsRiaz Tuba0Hayat Zafar1Akram Kashif2Saleem Kinza3Rehman Hafeez ur4Azam Muhammad5Tariq Zara6Rehman Shafiq ur7Meraj Asif8Farooq Umar9Shafi Afshan10IDRC Project Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore54000, Punjab, PakistanIDRC Project Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore54000, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur63100, Punjab, PakistanIDRC Project Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore54000, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Food Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha40100, Punjab, PakistanIDRC Project Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore54000, Punjab, PakistanIDRC Project Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore54000, Punjab, PakistanInstitute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus Lahore, Lahore, PakistanIftekhar Ahmed and Co., Sargodha40100, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan59300, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan59300, Punjab, PakistanGallic acid is recognized as a notable bioactive compound among secondary polyphenolic metabolites. In the current study, gallic acid-enriched extracts were obtained from mango peels using different solvents (ethanol or water) via ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimized yields were compared with the conventional extraction technique (decoction). Independent variables for the optimization through response surface methodology were ethanol concentration (0–60%), solvent ratio (10–50 mL/g), temperature (30–60℃), and time (10–30 min) for ethanolic extraction. However, extraction carried out by using water had extraction conditions of pH (2–8), solvent ratio (20–0 mL/g), extraction temperature (40–70℃), and time (30–60 min). The optimized yield of gallic acid obtained through ethanol was 5.75 ± 0.21 mg/g, whereas 3.14 ± 0.24 mg/g of gallic acid was quantified in extraction through water. The results were compared with the aforementioned conventional method of decoction, and it was concluded that the ethanolic extracts of mango peels showed the highest gallic acid yield and total flavonoid contents. The obtained extracts could be a potential source of polyphenolics, especially gallic acid, for use in nutraceuticals as well as in other food applications.https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0116extractionethanolmango peelsgallic acid |
| spellingShingle | Riaz Tuba Hayat Zafar Akram Kashif Saleem Kinza Rehman Hafeez ur Azam Muhammad Tariq Zara Rehman Shafiq ur Meraj Asif Farooq Umar Shafi Afshan Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels Open Chemistry extraction ethanol mango peels gallic acid |
| title | Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels |
| title_full | Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels |
| title_short | Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels |
| title_sort | optimization of gallic acid enriched ultrasonic assisted extraction from mango peels |
| topic | extraction ethanol mango peels gallic acid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0116 |
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