Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS
On 15 January 2022, a violent eruption and tsunami of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga, South Pacific, caused widespread international concern. In order to detect the anomalous environmental response caused by the HTHH volcanic eruption based on GNSS ionospheric data, GNSS tropo...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| 丛编: | Remote Sensing |
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| 在线阅读: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4847 |
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| author | Maosheng Zhou Hao Gao Dingfeng Yu Jinyun Guo Lin Zhu Lei Yang Shunqi Pan |
| author_facet | Maosheng Zhou Hao Gao Dingfeng Yu Jinyun Guo Lin Zhu Lei Yang Shunqi Pan |
| author_sort | Maosheng Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | On 15 January 2022, a violent eruption and tsunami of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga, South Pacific, caused widespread international concern. In order to detect the anomalous environmental response caused by the HTHH volcanic eruption based on GNSS ionospheric data, GNSS tropospheric data and GNSS coordinate time series, a new method combining the zenith non-hydrostatic delay difference method and the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method, was proposed to detect tropospheric anomalies. The moving interquartile range method and the ESMD method were introduced to detect ionospheric anomalous and coordinate time series anomalies, respectively. The results showed that 9–10 h before the eruption of the Tonga volcano and 11–12 h after the eruption of the Tonga volcano, obvious total electron content (TEC) anomalies occurred in the volcanic eruption center and its northeast and southeast, with the maximum abnormal value of 15 TECU. Significant tropospheric anomalies were observed on the day of the HTHH volcano eruption as well as 1–3 days and 16–17 days after the eruption, and the abnormal intensity was more than 10 times that of normal. The coordinate time series in direction E showed very significant anomalies at approximately 2:45 p.m. on 14 January, at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m. on 15 January, and at approximately 3:45 a.m. on 16 January, with anomalies reaching a maximum of 7–8 times daily. The abnormality in the direction north (N) is not obvious. Very prominent anomalies can be observed in the direction up (U) at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m., with the intensity of the anomalies exceeding the normal by more than 10 times. In this study, GNSS was successfully used to detect the anomalous environmental response during this HTHH volcano eruption. |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-63cef5d02f524b9fbb525d635b35a3282023-11-23T21:39:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-09-011419484710.3390/rs14194847Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSSMaosheng Zhou0Hao Gao1Dingfeng Yu2Jinyun Guo3Lin Zhu4Lei Yang5Shunqi Pan6Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266101, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266101, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266101, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266101, ChinaInstitute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao 266101, ChinaHydro-Environmental Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKOn 15 January 2022, a violent eruption and tsunami of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga, South Pacific, caused widespread international concern. In order to detect the anomalous environmental response caused by the HTHH volcanic eruption based on GNSS ionospheric data, GNSS tropospheric data and GNSS coordinate time series, a new method combining the zenith non-hydrostatic delay difference method and the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method, was proposed to detect tropospheric anomalies. The moving interquartile range method and the ESMD method were introduced to detect ionospheric anomalous and coordinate time series anomalies, respectively. The results showed that 9–10 h before the eruption of the Tonga volcano and 11–12 h after the eruption of the Tonga volcano, obvious total electron content (TEC) anomalies occurred in the volcanic eruption center and its northeast and southeast, with the maximum abnormal value of 15 TECU. Significant tropospheric anomalies were observed on the day of the HTHH volcano eruption as well as 1–3 days and 16–17 days after the eruption, and the abnormal intensity was more than 10 times that of normal. The coordinate time series in direction E showed very significant anomalies at approximately 2:45 p.m. on 14 January, at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m. on 15 January, and at approximately 3:45 a.m. on 16 January, with anomalies reaching a maximum of 7–8 times daily. The abnormality in the direction north (N) is not obvious. Very prominent anomalies can be observed in the direction up (U) at approximately 4:30 a.m.–5:40 a.m., with the intensity of the anomalies exceeding the normal by more than 10 times. In this study, GNSS was successfully used to detect the anomalous environmental response during this HTHH volcano eruption.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4847Tonga submarine volcano eruptionglobal navigation satellite systemionospheric anomaliestropospheric anomaliesground position anomalies |
| spellingShingle | Maosheng Zhou Hao Gao Dingfeng Yu Jinyun Guo Lin Zhu Lei Yang Shunqi Pan Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS Remote Sensing Tonga submarine volcano eruption global navigation satellite system ionospheric anomalies tropospheric anomalies ground position anomalies |
| title | Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS |
| title_full | Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS |
| title_short | Analysis of the Anomalous Environmental Response to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Based on GNSS |
| title_sort | analysis of the anomalous environmental response to the 2022 tonga volcanic eruption based on gnss |
| topic | Tonga submarine volcano eruption global navigation satellite system ionospheric anomalies tropospheric anomalies ground position anomalies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4847 |
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