Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece
Fine particulate matter (PM) originates from various emission sources and physicochemical processes. Quantification of the sources of PM is an important step during the planning of efficient mitigation strategies and the investigation of the potential risks to human health. Usually, source apportion...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/330 |
| _version_ | 1797626396610134016 |
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| author | Manousos Ioannis Manousakas Kalliopi Florou Spyros N. Pandis |
| author_facet | Manousos Ioannis Manousakas Kalliopi Florou Spyros N. Pandis |
| author_sort | Manousos Ioannis Manousakas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fine particulate matter (PM) originates from various emission sources and physicochemical processes. Quantification of the sources of PM is an important step during the planning of efficient mitigation strategies and the investigation of the potential risks to human health. Usually, source apportionment studies focus either on the organic or on the inorganic fraction of PM. In this study that took place in Patras, Greece, we address both PM fractions by combining measurements from a range of on- and off-line techniques, including elemental composition, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) measurements, and high-resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) from different techniques. Six fine PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources were identified based on the off-line measurements: secondary sulfate (34%), biomass burning (15%), exhaust traffic emissions (13%), nonexhaust traffic emissions (12%), mineral dust (10%), and sea salt (5%). The analysis of the AMS spectra quantified five factors: two oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA) factors (an OOA and a marine-related OOA, 52% of the total organic aerosols (OA)), cooking OA (COA, 11%) and two biomass burning OA (BBOA-I and BBOA-II, 37% in total) factors. The results of the two methods were synthesized, showcasing the complementarity of the two methodologies for fine PM source identification. The synthesis suggests that the contribution of biomass burning is quite robust, but that the exhaust traffic emissions are not due to local sources and may also include secondary OA from other sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:09:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63e134a5513d49588f2b67ded082f5bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:09:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-63e134a5513d49588f2b67ded082f5bc2023-11-16T14:34:53ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-03-0111433010.3390/atmos11040330Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in GreeceManousos Ioannis Manousakas0Kalliopi Florou1Spyros N. Pandis2Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, GreeceFine particulate matter (PM) originates from various emission sources and physicochemical processes. Quantification of the sources of PM is an important step during the planning of efficient mitigation strategies and the investigation of the potential risks to human health. Usually, source apportionment studies focus either on the organic or on the inorganic fraction of PM. In this study that took place in Patras, Greece, we address both PM fractions by combining measurements from a range of on- and off-line techniques, including elemental composition, organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) measurements, and high-resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) from different techniques. Six fine PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources were identified based on the off-line measurements: secondary sulfate (34%), biomass burning (15%), exhaust traffic emissions (13%), nonexhaust traffic emissions (12%), mineral dust (10%), and sea salt (5%). The analysis of the AMS spectra quantified five factors: two oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA) factors (an OOA and a marine-related OOA, 52% of the total organic aerosols (OA)), cooking OA (COA, 11%) and two biomass burning OA (BBOA-I and BBOA-II, 37% in total) factors. The results of the two methods were synthesized, showcasing the complementarity of the two methodologies for fine PM source identification. The synthesis suggests that the contribution of biomass burning is quite robust, but that the exhaust traffic emissions are not due to local sources and may also include secondary OA from other sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/330source apportionmentPositive Matrix Factorization (PMF)AMSchemical composition |
| spellingShingle | Manousos Ioannis Manousakas Kalliopi Florou Spyros N. Pandis Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece Atmosphere source apportionment Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) AMS chemical composition |
| title | Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece |
| title_full | Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece |
| title_fullStr | Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece |
| title_short | Source Apportionment of Fine Organic and Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol in an Urban Background Area in Greece |
| title_sort | source apportionment of fine organic and inorganic atmospheric aerosol in an urban background area in greece |
| topic | source apportionment Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) AMS chemical composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/4/330 |
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