Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis
Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/7/1051 |
| _version_ | 1797212568444469248 |
|---|---|
| author | Mirko Marino Claudio Gardana Marco Rendine Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Patrizia Riso Marisa Porrini Cristian Del Bo’ |
| author_facet | Mirko Marino Claudio Gardana Marco Rendine Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Patrizia Riso Marisa Porrini Cristian Del Bo’ |
| author_sort | Mirko Marino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composition. In this study, we aimed to determine the nutrient and non-nutrient compounds present in a freeze-dried red raspberry powder widely used by the food industry and consumers. The main sugars identified were fructose (12%), glucose (11%), and sucrose (11%). Twelve fatty acids were detected, with linoleic acid (46%), α-linolenic acid (20%), and oleic acid (15%) being the most abundant. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin C was the main hydro-soluble vitamin, while minerals, potassium, phosphorous, copper and magnesium were the most abundant, with concentrations ranging from 9 up to 96 mg/100 g, followed by manganese, iron and zinc, detected in the range 0.1–0.9 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis using UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS detection revealed the presence of Sanguiin H6 (0.4%), Lambertianin C (0.05%), and Sanguiin H-10 isomers (0.9%) as the main compounds. Among anthocyanins, the most representative compounds were cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. Our findings can serve as a reliable resource for the food industry, nutraceutical applications and for future investigations in the context of human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:44:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63e6c874a67341a28e18130217e0370f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-63e6c874a67341a28e18130217e0370f2024-04-12T13:18:33ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-03-01137105110.3390/foods13071051Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive AnalysisMirko Marino0Claudio Gardana1Marco Rendine2Dorothy Klimis-Zacas3Patrizia Riso4Marisa Porrini5Cristian Del Bo’6Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalySchool of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USADepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, ItalySeveral studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of consuming red raspberries on human health thanks to their high content of phytochemicals. However, the products used in these studies, both in the raw or freeze-dried form, were not fully characterized for nutrient and phytochemical composition. In this study, we aimed to determine the nutrient and non-nutrient compounds present in a freeze-dried red raspberry powder widely used by the food industry and consumers. The main sugars identified were fructose (12%), glucose (11%), and sucrose (11%). Twelve fatty acids were detected, with linoleic acid (46%), α-linolenic acid (20%), and oleic acid (15%) being the most abundant. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin C was the main hydro-soluble vitamin, while minerals, potassium, phosphorous, copper and magnesium were the most abundant, with concentrations ranging from 9 up to 96 mg/100 g, followed by manganese, iron and zinc, detected in the range 0.1–0.9 mg/100 g. Phytochemical analysis using UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS detection revealed the presence of Sanguiin H6 (0.4%), Lambertianin C (0.05%), and Sanguiin H-10 isomers (0.9%) as the main compounds. Among anthocyanins, the most representative compounds were cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside. Our findings can serve as a reliable resource for the food industry, nutraceutical applications and for future investigations in the context of human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/7/1051berry fruitsnutrientsphytochemicals(poly)phenolsUHPLC-DAD-HR-MSchemical profiling |
| spellingShingle | Mirko Marino Claudio Gardana Marco Rendine Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Patrizia Riso Marisa Porrini Cristian Del Bo’ Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis Foods berry fruits nutrients phytochemicals (poly)phenols UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS chemical profiling |
| title | Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_full | Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_short | Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Freeze-Dried Raspberry (<i>Rubus idaeus</i>): A Comprehensive Analysis |
| title_sort | nutritional and phytochemical characterization of freeze dried raspberry i rubus idaeus i a comprehensive analysis |
| topic | berry fruits nutrients phytochemicals (poly)phenols UHPLC-DAD-HR-MS chemical profiling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/7/1051 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mirkomarino nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT claudiogardana nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT marcorendine nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT dorothyklimiszacas nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT patriziariso nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT marisaporrini nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis AT cristiandelbo nutritionalandphytochemicalcharacterizationoffreezedriedraspberryirubusidaeusiacomprehensiveanalysis |