Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus
Ketogenic diet, a high fat and low carbohydrate diet, has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment in refractory epilepsy since 1920. In recent years, it has demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of numerous neurological and non-neurological diseases. Some neurological and neuropsychiatr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00673/full |
| _version_ | 1818958546706890752 |
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| author | Leticia Granados-Rojas Karina Jerónimo-Cruz Tarsila Elizabeth Juárez-Zepeda Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez Armando R. Tovar Rodolfo Rodríguez-Jurado Liliana Carmona-Aparicio Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez Elvia Coballase-Urrutia Matilde Ruíz-García Pilar Durán |
| author_facet | Leticia Granados-Rojas Karina Jerónimo-Cruz Tarsila Elizabeth Juárez-Zepeda Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez Armando R. Tovar Rodolfo Rodríguez-Jurado Liliana Carmona-Aparicio Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez Elvia Coballase-Urrutia Matilde Ruíz-García Pilar Durán |
| author_sort | Leticia Granados-Rojas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ketogenic diet, a high fat and low carbohydrate diet, has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment in refractory epilepsy since 1920. In recent years, it has demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of numerous neurological and non-neurological diseases. Some neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are known to be caused by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission dysfunction. The strength and polarity of GABA-mediated neurotransmission are determined by the intracellular chloride concentration, which in turn is regulated by cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2. Currently, it is unknown if the effect of ketogenic diet is due to the modulation of these cotransporters. Thus, we analyzed the effect of a ketogenic diet on the cation-chloride cotransporters expression in the dentate gyrus. We estimated the total number of NKCC1 immunoreactive (NKCC1-IR) neuronal and glial cells by stereology and determined KCC2 labeling intensity by densitometry in the molecular and granule layers as well as in the hilus of dentate gyrus of rats fed with normal or ketogenic diet for 3 months. The results indicated that ketogenic diet provided during 3 months increased KCC2 expression, but not NKCC1 in the dentate gyrus of the rat. The significant increase of KCC2 expression could explain, at least in part, the beneficial effect of ketogenic diet in the diseases where the GABAergic system is altered by increasing its inhibitory efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:27:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63e79cf4130443a0bb8e9147cc4e93f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:27:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-63e79cf4130443a0bb8e9147cc4e93f42022-12-21T19:42:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2020-07-011410.3389/fnins.2020.00673473516Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate GyrusLeticia Granados-Rojas0Karina Jerónimo-Cruz1Tarsila Elizabeth Juárez-Zepeda2Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez3Armando R. Tovar4Rodolfo Rodríguez-Jurado5Liliana Carmona-Aparicio6Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez7Elvia Coballase-Urrutia8Matilde Ruíz-García9Pilar Durán10Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoUnidad de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoServicio de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, MexicoLaboratorio de Biología Animal Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoKetogenic diet, a high fat and low carbohydrate diet, has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment in refractory epilepsy since 1920. In recent years, it has demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of numerous neurological and non-neurological diseases. Some neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are known to be caused by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission dysfunction. The strength and polarity of GABA-mediated neurotransmission are determined by the intracellular chloride concentration, which in turn is regulated by cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2. Currently, it is unknown if the effect of ketogenic diet is due to the modulation of these cotransporters. Thus, we analyzed the effect of a ketogenic diet on the cation-chloride cotransporters expression in the dentate gyrus. We estimated the total number of NKCC1 immunoreactive (NKCC1-IR) neuronal and glial cells by stereology and determined KCC2 labeling intensity by densitometry in the molecular and granule layers as well as in the hilus of dentate gyrus of rats fed with normal or ketogenic diet for 3 months. The results indicated that ketogenic diet provided during 3 months increased KCC2 expression, but not NKCC1 in the dentate gyrus of the rat. The significant increase of KCC2 expression could explain, at least in part, the beneficial effect of ketogenic diet in the diseases where the GABAergic system is altered by increasing its inhibitory efficiency.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00673/fullketogenic dietNKCC1KCC2dentate gyrusoptical fractionatoroptical density |
| spellingShingle | Leticia Granados-Rojas Karina Jerónimo-Cruz Tarsila Elizabeth Juárez-Zepeda Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez Armando R. Tovar Rodolfo Rodríguez-Jurado Liliana Carmona-Aparicio Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez Elvia Coballase-Urrutia Matilde Ruíz-García Pilar Durán Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus Frontiers in Neuroscience ketogenic diet NKCC1 KCC2 dentate gyrus optical fractionator optical density |
| title | Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus |
| title_full | Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus |
| title_fullStr | Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus |
| title_short | Ketogenic Diet Provided During Three Months Increases KCC2 Expression but Not NKCC1 in the Rat Dentate Gyrus |
| title_sort | ketogenic diet provided during three months increases kcc2 expression but not nkcc1 in the rat dentate gyrus |
| topic | ketogenic diet NKCC1 KCC2 dentate gyrus optical fractionator optical density |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00673/full |
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