Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target?
Cancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerou...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/11/2833 |
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| author | Saba Yousaf Muhammad Ahmad Siwen Wu Muhammad Anjum Zia Ishtiaq Ahmed Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Qingyou Liu Saif ur Rehman |
| author_facet | Saba Yousaf Muhammad Ahmad Siwen Wu Muhammad Anjum Zia Ishtiaq Ahmed Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Qingyou Liu Saif ur Rehman |
| author_sort | Saba Yousaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerous malignancies. Emerging data from a recent study show that prion-like proteins and prions (PrP<sup>C</sup>) are crucial entities that have a functional role in developing neurological disorders and cancer. Furthermore, excessive PrP<sup>C</sup> expression profiling has also been detected in non-neuronal tissues, such as the lymphoid cells, kidney, GIT, lung, muscle, and mammary glands. PrP<sup>C</sup> expression is strongly linked with the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, and breast malignancies. Similarly, experimental investigation presented that the PrP<sup>C</sup> expression, including the prion protein-coding gene (PRNP) and p53 ag are directly associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis (tumor suppressor gene). The ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway also confers a robust metastatic capability for PrP<sup>C</sup>-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Additionally, prions could alter the epigenetic regulation of genes and overactive the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which promotes the development of cancer in humans. Protein overexpression or suppression caused by a prion and prion-like proteins has also been linked to oncogenesis and metastasis. Meanwhile, additional studies have discovered resistance to therapeutic targets, highlighting the significance of protein expression levels as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:15:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63ea370f49f94e44a0070835a6b9ddab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:15:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-63ea370f49f94e44a0070835a6b9ddab2023-11-24T03:51:28ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-11-011011283310.3390/biomedicines10112833Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target?Saba Yousaf0Muhammad Ahmad1Siwen Wu2Muhammad Anjum Zia3Ishtiaq Ahmed4Hafiz M. N. Iqbal5Qingyou Liu6Saif ur Rehman7State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources of Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaFaculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (SBBUVAS), Sakrand 67210, PakistanState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources of Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaEnzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Regional Science Operations, La Trobe Rural Health School, Albury-Wodonga, VIC 3689, AustraliaTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, MexicoState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources of Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources of Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaCancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerous malignancies. Emerging data from a recent study show that prion-like proteins and prions (PrP<sup>C</sup>) are crucial entities that have a functional role in developing neurological disorders and cancer. Furthermore, excessive PrP<sup>C</sup> expression profiling has also been detected in non-neuronal tissues, such as the lymphoid cells, kidney, GIT, lung, muscle, and mammary glands. PrP<sup>C</sup> expression is strongly linked with the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, and breast malignancies. Similarly, experimental investigation presented that the PrP<sup>C</sup> expression, including the prion protein-coding gene (PRNP) and p53 ag are directly associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis (tumor suppressor gene). The ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway also confers a robust metastatic capability for PrP<sup>C</sup>-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Additionally, prions could alter the epigenetic regulation of genes and overactive the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which promotes the development of cancer in humans. Protein overexpression or suppression caused by a prion and prion-like proteins has also been linked to oncogenesis and metastasis. Meanwhile, additional studies have discovered resistance to therapeutic targets, highlighting the significance of protein expression levels as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/11/2833prionprion proteincancer biologyPRNPERK2 (MAPK1) pathwayEP/MAPK pathway |
| spellingShingle | Saba Yousaf Muhammad Ahmad Siwen Wu Muhammad Anjum Zia Ishtiaq Ahmed Hafiz M. N. Iqbal Qingyou Liu Saif ur Rehman Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? Biomedicines prion prion protein cancer biology PRNP ERK2 (MAPK1) pathway EP/MAPK pathway |
| title | Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? |
| title_full | Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? |
| title_short | Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? |
| title_sort | cellular prion protein role in cancer biology is it a potential therapeutic target |
| topic | prion prion protein cancer biology PRNP ERK2 (MAPK1) pathway EP/MAPK pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/11/2833 |
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