Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism
The current knowledge of sex-dependent differences in adipose tissue biology remains in its infancy and is motivated in part by the desire to understand why menopause is linked to an increased risk of metabolic disease. However, the development and characterization of targeted genetically-modified r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/8/1/8 |
| _version_ | 1797710636873940992 |
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| author | Sally A. Eaton Jaswinder K. Sethi |
| author_facet | Sally A. Eaton Jaswinder K. Sethi |
| author_sort | Sally A. Eaton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current knowledge of sex-dependent differences in adipose tissue biology remains in its infancy and is motivated in part by the desire to understand why menopause is linked to an increased risk of metabolic disease. However, the development and characterization of targeted genetically-modified rodent models are shedding new light on the physiological actions of sex hormones in healthy reproductive metabolism. In this review we consider the need for differentially regulating metabolic flexibility, energy balance, and immunity in a sex-dependent manner. We discuss the recent advances in our understanding of physiological roles of systemic estrogen in regulating sex-dependent adipose tissue distribution, form and function; and in sex-dependent healthy immune function. We also review the decline in protective properties of estrogen signaling in pathophysiological settings such as obesity-related metaflammation and metabolic disease. It is clear that the many physiological actions of estrogen on energy balance, immunity, and immunometabolism together with its dynamic regulation in females make it an excellent candidate for regulating metabolic flexibility in the context of reproductive metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:55:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63ede4671a544471b4e1c5b807a56838 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T06:55:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-63ede4671a544471b4e1c5b807a568382023-09-03T00:06:43ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372019-02-0181810.3390/biology8010008biology8010008Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive MetabolismSally A. Eaton0Jaswinder K. Sethi1Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKHuman Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UKThe current knowledge of sex-dependent differences in adipose tissue biology remains in its infancy and is motivated in part by the desire to understand why menopause is linked to an increased risk of metabolic disease. However, the development and characterization of targeted genetically-modified rodent models are shedding new light on the physiological actions of sex hormones in healthy reproductive metabolism. In this review we consider the need for differentially regulating metabolic flexibility, energy balance, and immunity in a sex-dependent manner. We discuss the recent advances in our understanding of physiological roles of systemic estrogen in regulating sex-dependent adipose tissue distribution, form and function; and in sex-dependent healthy immune function. We also review the decline in protective properties of estrogen signaling in pathophysiological settings such as obesity-related metaflammation and metabolic disease. It is clear that the many physiological actions of estrogen on energy balance, immunity, and immunometabolism together with its dynamic regulation in females make it an excellent candidate for regulating metabolic flexibility in the context of reproductive metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/8/1/8estrogensex-dependent adipositymetabolic flexibilityreproductive metabolismmetabolic syndromemetaflammationimmunometabolismmenopauseobesitymetabolic syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Sally A. Eaton Jaswinder K. Sethi Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism Biology estrogen sex-dependent adiposity metabolic flexibility reproductive metabolism metabolic syndrome metaflammation immunometabolism menopause obesity metabolic syndrome |
| title | Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism |
| title_full | Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism |
| title_short | Immunometabolic Links between Estrogen, Adipose Tissue and Female Reproductive Metabolism |
| title_sort | immunometabolic links between estrogen adipose tissue and female reproductive metabolism |
| topic | estrogen sex-dependent adiposity metabolic flexibility reproductive metabolism metabolic syndrome metaflammation immunometabolism menopause obesity metabolic syndrome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/8/1/8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sallyaeaton immunometaboliclinksbetweenestrogenadiposetissueandfemalereproductivemetabolism AT jaswinderksethi immunometaboliclinksbetweenestrogenadiposetissueandfemalereproductivemetabolism |