Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress
Depression presents a significant global health burden, necessitating the search for effective and safe treatments. This investigation aims to assess the antidepressant effect of the hydroethanolic extract of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) on depression-related behaviors in rats. The...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1561 |
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| author | Guedang Nyayi Simon Désiré Foyet Harquin Simplice Camdi Woumitna Guillaume Fatima Zahra Kamal Bouvourné Parfait Tchinda Defo Serge Hermann Ngatanko Abaissou Hervé Hervé Keugong Wado Eglantine Damo Kamda Jorelle Linda Rebe Nhouma Roland Kamleu Nkwingwa Balbine Kenko Djoumessi Lea Blondelle Alin Ciobica Laura Romila |
| author_facet | Guedang Nyayi Simon Désiré Foyet Harquin Simplice Camdi Woumitna Guillaume Fatima Zahra Kamal Bouvourné Parfait Tchinda Defo Serge Hermann Ngatanko Abaissou Hervé Hervé Keugong Wado Eglantine Damo Kamda Jorelle Linda Rebe Nhouma Roland Kamleu Nkwingwa Balbine Kenko Djoumessi Lea Blondelle Alin Ciobica Laura Romila |
| author_sort | Guedang Nyayi Simon Désiré |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Depression presents a significant global health burden, necessitating the search for effective and safe treatments. This investigation aims to assess the antidepressant effect of the hydroethanolic extract of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) on depression-related behaviors in rats. The depression model involved 42 days of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) exposure and was assessed using the sucrose preference and the forced swimming (FST) test. Additionally, memory-related aspects were examined using the tests Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM), following 21 days of treatment with varying doses of the AO extract (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) and Imipramine (20 mg/kg), commencing on day 21. The monoamines (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine), oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD), and cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) within the brain were evaluated. Additionally, the concentration of blood corticosterone was measured. Treatment with AO significantly alleviated UCMS-induced and depressive-like behaviors in rats. This was evidenced by the ability of the extract to prevent further decreases in body mass, increase sucrose consumption, reduce immobility time in the test Forced Swimming, improve cognitive performance in both tests Y-maze and the Morris water maze by increasing the target quadrant dwelling time and spontaneous alternation percentage, and promote faster feeding behavior in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. It also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, corticosterone, and MDA levels, and increased monoamine levels and SOD activity. HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of triterpenoid compounds (ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and lupane) and polyphenols (catechin quercetin and kaempferol). These results evidenced the antidepressant effects of the AO, which might involve corticosterone and monoaminergic regulation as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:58:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63f352ee51d74b1186c25f81db12ec08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:58:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-63f352ee51d74b1186c25f81db12ec082023-11-24T14:32:44ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-11-011311156110.3390/brainsci13111561Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic StressGuedang Nyayi Simon Désiré0Foyet Harquin Simplice1Camdi Woumitna Guillaume2Fatima Zahra Kamal3Bouvourné Parfait4Tchinda Defo Serge Hermann5Ngatanko Abaissou Hervé Hervé6Keugong Wado Eglantine7Damo Kamda Jorelle Linda8Rebe Nhouma Roland9Kamleu Nkwingwa Balbine10Kenko Djoumessi Lea Blondelle11Alin Ciobica12Laura Romila13Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonLaboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, Settat P.O. Box 26000, MoroccoDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, CameroonCenter of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaPreclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street 11, 700511 Iași, RomaniaDepression presents a significant global health burden, necessitating the search for effective and safe treatments. This investigation aims to assess the antidepressant effect of the hydroethanolic extract of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) on depression-related behaviors in rats. The depression model involved 42 days of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) exposure and was assessed using the sucrose preference and the forced swimming (FST) test. Additionally, memory-related aspects were examined using the tests Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM), following 21 days of treatment with varying doses of the AO extract (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) and Imipramine (20 mg/kg), commencing on day 21. The monoamines (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine), oxidative stress markers (MDA and SOD), and cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) within the brain were evaluated. Additionally, the concentration of blood corticosterone was measured. Treatment with AO significantly alleviated UCMS-induced and depressive-like behaviors in rats. This was evidenced by the ability of the extract to prevent further decreases in body mass, increase sucrose consumption, reduce immobility time in the test Forced Swimming, improve cognitive performance in both tests Y-maze and the Morris water maze by increasing the target quadrant dwelling time and spontaneous alternation percentage, and promote faster feeding behavior in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. It also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, corticosterone, and MDA levels, and increased monoamine levels and SOD activity. HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of triterpenoid compounds (ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and lupane) and polyphenols (catechin quercetin and kaempferol). These results evidenced the antidepressant effects of the AO, which might involve corticosterone and monoaminergic regulation as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1561<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>depressionstressmonoaminesneuroinflammationcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Guedang Nyayi Simon Désiré Foyet Harquin Simplice Camdi Woumitna Guillaume Fatima Zahra Kamal Bouvourné Parfait Tchinda Defo Serge Hermann Ngatanko Abaissou Hervé Hervé Keugong Wado Eglantine Damo Kamda Jorelle Linda Rebe Nhouma Roland Kamleu Nkwingwa Balbine Kenko Djoumessi Lea Blondelle Alin Ciobica Laura Romila Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress Brain Sciences <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> depression stress monoamines neuroinflammation cytokines |
| title | Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress |
| title_full | Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress |
| title_fullStr | Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress |
| title_short | Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) Extract: Possible Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Chronic Stress |
| title_sort | cashew i anacardium occidentale i extract possible effects on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal hpa axis in modulating chronic stress |
| topic | <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> depression stress monoamines neuroinflammation cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1561 |
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