Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants) consist of two monophyletic lineages: the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. Most green algae belong to the Chlorophyta, while the Streptophyta include all land plants and a small group...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2007-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/65 |
| _version_ | 1818321133876805632 |
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| author | Glöckner Gernot Simon Andreas Wodniok Sabina Becker Burkhard |
| author_facet | Glöckner Gernot Simon Andreas Wodniok Sabina Becker Burkhard |
| author_sort | Glöckner Gernot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants) consist of two monophyletic lineages: the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. Most green algae belong to the Chlorophyta, while the Streptophyta include all land plants and a small group of freshwater algae known as Charophyceae. Eukaryotes attach a poly-A tail to the 3' ends of most nuclear-encoded mRNAs. In embryophytes, animals and fungi, the signal for polyadenylation contains an A-rich sequence (often AAUAAA or related sequence) 13 to 30 nucleotides upstream from the cleavage site, which is commonly referred to as the near upstream element (NUE). However, it has been reported that the pentanucleotide UGUAA is used as polyadenylation signal for some genes in volvocalean algae.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We set out to investigate polyadenylation signal differences between streptophytes and chlorophytes that may have emerged shortly after the evolutionary split between Streptophyta and Chlorophyta. We therefore analyzed expressed genes (ESTs) from three streptophyte algae, <it>Mesostigma viride</it>, <it>Klebsormidium subtile </it>and <it>Coleochaete scutata</it>, and from two early-branching chlorophytes, <it>Pyramimonas parkeae </it>and <it>Scherffelia dubia</it>. In addition, to extend the database, our analyses included ESTs from six other chlorophytes (<it>Acetabularia acetabulum</it>, <it>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</it>, <it>Helicosporidium </it>sp. ex Simulium jonesii, <it>Prototheca wickerhamii, Scenedesmus obliquus </it>and <it>Ulva linza</it>) and one streptophyte (<it>Closterium peracerosum</it>). Our results indicate that polyadenylation signals in green algae vary widely. The UGUAA motif is confined to late-branching Chlorophyta. Most streptophyte algae do not have an A-rich sequence motif like that in embryophytes, animals and fungi. We observed polyadenylation signals similar to those of <it>Arabidopsis </it>and other land plants only in <it>Mesostigma</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Polyadenylation signals in green algae show considerable variation. A new NUE (UGUAA) was invented in derived chlorophytes and replaced not only the A-rich NUE but the complete poly(A) signal in all chlorophytes investigated except <it>Scherffelia </it>(only NUE replaced) and <it>Pyramimonas </it>(UGUAA completely missing). The UGUAA element is completely absent from streptophytes. However, the structure of the poly(A) signal was often modified in streptophyte algae. In most species investigated, an A-rich NUE is missing; instead, these species seem to rely mainly on U-rich elements.</p> |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T10:36:04Z |
| publishDate | 2007-04-01 |
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| series | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-63f398118f2c475aab807fba1b2e2a342022-12-21T23:50:43ZengBMCBMC Evolutionary Biology1471-21482007-04-01716510.1186/1471-2148-7-65Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algaeGlöckner GernotSimon AndreasWodniok SabinaBecker Burkhard<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Viridiplantae (green algae and land plants) consist of two monophyletic lineages: the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. Most green algae belong to the Chlorophyta, while the Streptophyta include all land plants and a small group of freshwater algae known as Charophyceae. Eukaryotes attach a poly-A tail to the 3' ends of most nuclear-encoded mRNAs. In embryophytes, animals and fungi, the signal for polyadenylation contains an A-rich sequence (often AAUAAA or related sequence) 13 to 30 nucleotides upstream from the cleavage site, which is commonly referred to as the near upstream element (NUE). However, it has been reported that the pentanucleotide UGUAA is used as polyadenylation signal for some genes in volvocalean algae.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We set out to investigate polyadenylation signal differences between streptophytes and chlorophytes that may have emerged shortly after the evolutionary split between Streptophyta and Chlorophyta. We therefore analyzed expressed genes (ESTs) from three streptophyte algae, <it>Mesostigma viride</it>, <it>Klebsormidium subtile </it>and <it>Coleochaete scutata</it>, and from two early-branching chlorophytes, <it>Pyramimonas parkeae </it>and <it>Scherffelia dubia</it>. In addition, to extend the database, our analyses included ESTs from six other chlorophytes (<it>Acetabularia acetabulum</it>, <it>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</it>, <it>Helicosporidium </it>sp. ex Simulium jonesii, <it>Prototheca wickerhamii, Scenedesmus obliquus </it>and <it>Ulva linza</it>) and one streptophyte (<it>Closterium peracerosum</it>). Our results indicate that polyadenylation signals in green algae vary widely. The UGUAA motif is confined to late-branching Chlorophyta. Most streptophyte algae do not have an A-rich sequence motif like that in embryophytes, animals and fungi. We observed polyadenylation signals similar to those of <it>Arabidopsis </it>and other land plants only in <it>Mesostigma</it>.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Polyadenylation signals in green algae show considerable variation. A new NUE (UGUAA) was invented in derived chlorophytes and replaced not only the A-rich NUE but the complete poly(A) signal in all chlorophytes investigated except <it>Scherffelia </it>(only NUE replaced) and <it>Pyramimonas </it>(UGUAA completely missing). The UGUAA element is completely absent from streptophytes. However, the structure of the poly(A) signal was often modified in streptophyte algae. In most species investigated, an A-rich NUE is missing; instead, these species seem to rely mainly on U-rich elements.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/65 |
| spellingShingle | Glöckner Gernot Simon Andreas Wodniok Sabina Becker Burkhard Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| title | Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| title_full | Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| title_fullStr | Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| title_short | Gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| title_sort | gain and loss of polyadenylation signals during evolution of green algae |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/65 |
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