Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content
Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level, and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals. In ruminants, protein, starch, and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before rea...
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| Format: | Article |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654520300408 |
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| author | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Sebastian Michel Annabel Thierbach Mandy Bochnia Jörg M. Greef Siriwan D. Martens Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner |
| author_facet | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Sebastian Michel Annabel Thierbach Mandy Bochnia Jörg M. Greef Siriwan D. Martens Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner |
| author_sort | Martin Bachmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level, and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals. In ruminants, protein, starch, and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment (i.e., toasting at 160 °C for 30 min) of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein (PRCP) and rumen-undegraded protein (RUP). Moreover, 24-h gas production and methane production were measured. For this, an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used. Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test. Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling, toasting, or a combination of both. Native pea grains contained crude protein (CP) at 199 g/kg DM, PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h (Kp8), RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8, and starch at 530 g/kg DM. Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM, PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8, RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8, and starch at 450 g/kg DM. The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans. Especially in the peas, RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM (i.e., 30%; P < 0.05). Toasting increased RUP (Kp8) in ensiled peas by another 28% (P < 0.05). Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before. Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment, and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment. Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled + toasted peas than with ensiled + toasted field beans, but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:36:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-63fc7e039e1b44d7abc8bd7e3f1443ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:36:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-63fc7e039e1b44d7abc8bd7e3f1443ac2022-12-21T23:24:37ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452020-09-0163342352Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein contentMartin Bachmann0Christian Kuhnitzsch1Sebastian Michel2Annabel Thierbach3Mandy Bochnia4Jörg M. Greef5Siriwan D. Martens6Olaf Steinhöfel7Annette Zeyner8Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany; Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Köllitsch, 04886, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, GermanyJulius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Braunschweig, 38116, GermanySaxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Köllitsch, 04886, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany; Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Köllitsch, 04886, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany; Corresponding author.Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level, and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals. In ruminants, protein, starch, and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment (i.e., toasting at 160 °C for 30 min) of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein (PRCP) and rumen-undegraded protein (RUP). Moreover, 24-h gas production and methane production were measured. For this, an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used. Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test. Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling, toasting, or a combination of both. Native pea grains contained crude protein (CP) at 199 g/kg DM, PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h (Kp8), RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8, and starch at 530 g/kg DM. Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM, PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8, RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8, and starch at 450 g/kg DM. The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans. Especially in the peas, RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM (i.e., 30%; P < 0.05). Toasting increased RUP (Kp8) in ensiled peas by another 28% (P < 0.05). Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before. Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment, and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment. Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled + toasted peas than with ensiled + toasted field beans, but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654520300408Legume grain silageToastingIn vitro gas productionProtein evaluationStreptomyces griseus protease test |
| spellingShingle | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Sebastian Michel Annabel Thierbach Mandy Bochnia Jörg M. Greef Siriwan D. Martens Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content Animal Nutrition Legume grain silage Toasting In vitro gas production Protein evaluation Streptomyces griseus protease test |
| title | Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content |
| title_full | Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content |
| title_fullStr | Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content |
| title_short | Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas (Pisum sativum) and field beans (Vicia faba) on in vitro gas production, methane production, and post-ruminal crude protein content |
| title_sort | effect of toasting grain silages from field peas pisum sativum and field beans vicia faba on in vitro gas production methane production and post ruminal crude protein content |
| topic | Legume grain silage Toasting In vitro gas production Protein evaluation Streptomyces griseus protease test |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654520300408 |
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