Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species
Active components from natural sources are the current focus in most pharmacological research to provide new therapeutic agents for clinical use. Essential oils from the <i>Pinus</i> species have been traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile of...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3170 |
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| author | Wafaa M. Elkady Mariam H. Gonaid Miriam F. Yousif Mahmoud El-Sayed Hind A. N. Omar |
| author_facet | Wafaa M. Elkady Mariam H. Gonaid Miriam F. Yousif Mahmoud El-Sayed Hind A. N. Omar |
| author_sort | Wafaa M. Elkady |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Active components from natural sources are the current focus in most pharmacological research to provide new therapeutic agents for clinical use. Essential oils from the <i>Pinus</i> species have been traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile of two <i>Pinus</i> species, <i>Pinus halepensis</i> L. and <i>Pinus pinea</i> Mill, from different altitudes in Libya and study the effect of environmental conditions on the biological activities of essential oils. A clevenger apparatus was used to prepare the essential oils by hydrodistillation. Analyses were done using GC/MS. Anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities were tested against the earthworm <i>Allolobophora caliginosa</i>, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Different chemical profiles were observed among all tested essential oils, and terpenes were the most dominant class. All studied essential oils from the <i>Pinus</i> species exhibited a remarkable anthelmintic activity compared to the standard piperazine citrate drug. <i>Pinus halepensis</i> from both altitudes showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, while <i>Pinus pinea</i> was effective against only <i>Escherichia coli</i>. From these findings, one can conclude that there are variations between studied species. The essential oil compositions are affected by environmental factors, which consequently affect the anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-63fd924e55b347e8ba00ea968b63ea62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-63fd924e55b347e8ba00ea968b63ea622023-11-21T21:23:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-05-012611317010.3390/molecules26113170Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> SpeciesWafaa M. Elkady0Mariam H. Gonaid1Miriam F. Yousif2Mahmoud El-Sayed3Hind A. N. Omar4Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 12311, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 12311, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 12311, EgyptMicrobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptForestry and Range Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda’ 00218-84, LibyaActive components from natural sources are the current focus in most pharmacological research to provide new therapeutic agents for clinical use. Essential oils from the <i>Pinus</i> species have been traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile of two <i>Pinus</i> species, <i>Pinus halepensis</i> L. and <i>Pinus pinea</i> Mill, from different altitudes in Libya and study the effect of environmental conditions on the biological activities of essential oils. A clevenger apparatus was used to prepare the essential oils by hydrodistillation. Analyses were done using GC/MS. Anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities were tested against the earthworm <i>Allolobophora caliginosa</i>, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Different chemical profiles were observed among all tested essential oils, and terpenes were the most dominant class. All studied essential oils from the <i>Pinus</i> species exhibited a remarkable anthelmintic activity compared to the standard piperazine citrate drug. <i>Pinus halepensis</i> from both altitudes showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, while <i>Pinus pinea</i> was effective against only <i>Escherichia coli</i>. From these findings, one can conclude that there are variations between studied species. The essential oil compositions are affected by environmental factors, which consequently affect the anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3170essential oilsenvironmental conditionsGC/MS<i>Pinus halepensis</i> L.<i>Pinus pinea</i> Mill |
| spellingShingle | Wafaa M. Elkady Mariam H. Gonaid Miriam F. Yousif Mahmoud El-Sayed Hind A. N. Omar Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species Molecules essential oils environmental conditions GC/MS <i>Pinus halepensis</i> L. <i>Pinus pinea</i> Mill |
| title | Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species |
| title_full | Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species |
| title_short | Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two <i>Pinus</i> Species |
| title_sort | impact of altitudinal variation on the phytochemical profile anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity of two i pinus i species |
| topic | essential oils environmental conditions GC/MS <i>Pinus halepensis</i> L. <i>Pinus pinea</i> Mill |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3170 |
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