Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups
Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in children. Medulloblastoma originate during the embryonic stage. They are located in the cerebellum, which is the area of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for controlling equilibrium and coordination of movements. In 2012, med...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6323 |
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| author | Emilia Bevacqua Jasmin Farshchi Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou Paola Tucci |
| author_facet | Emilia Bevacqua Jasmin Farshchi Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou Paola Tucci |
| author_sort | Emilia Bevacqua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in children. Medulloblastoma originate during the embryonic stage. They are located in the cerebellum, which is the area of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for controlling equilibrium and coordination of movements. In 2012, medulloblastoma were divided into four subgroups based on a genome-wide analysis of RNA expression. These subgroups are named Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4. Each subgroup has a different cell of origin, prognosis, and response to therapies. Wingless and Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma are so named based on the main mutation originating these tumours. Group 3 and Group 4 have generic names because we do not know the key mutation driving these tumours. Gene expression at the post-transcriptional level is regulated by a group of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. These microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) play a central role in several cellular functions such as cell differentiation and, therefore, any malfunction in this regulatory system leads to a variety of disorders such as cancer. The role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma is still a topic of intense clinical research; previous studies have mostly concentrated on the clinical entity of the single disease rather than in the four molecular subgroups. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on miRNAs in the four medulloblastoma subgroups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:31:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64026c62892545efa2422e8283c0ed2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:31:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-64026c62892545efa2422e8283c0ed2c2023-11-23T04:07:03ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-12-011324632310.3390/cancers13246323Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma SubgroupsEmilia Bevacqua0Jasmin Farshchi1Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou2Paola Tucci3Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyCentre for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI-Bath), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKCentre for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI-Bath), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UKDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyMedulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in children. Medulloblastoma originate during the embryonic stage. They are located in the cerebellum, which is the area of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for controlling equilibrium and coordination of movements. In 2012, medulloblastoma were divided into four subgroups based on a genome-wide analysis of RNA expression. These subgroups are named Wingless, Sonic Hedgehog, Group 3 and Group 4. Each subgroup has a different cell of origin, prognosis, and response to therapies. Wingless and Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma are so named based on the main mutation originating these tumours. Group 3 and Group 4 have generic names because we do not know the key mutation driving these tumours. Gene expression at the post-transcriptional level is regulated by a group of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. These microRNA (miRNAs or miRs) play a central role in several cellular functions such as cell differentiation and, therefore, any malfunction in this regulatory system leads to a variety of disorders such as cancer. The role of miRNAs in medulloblastoma is still a topic of intense clinical research; previous studies have mostly concentrated on the clinical entity of the single disease rather than in the four molecular subgroups. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on miRNAs in the four medulloblastoma subgroups.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6323miRNAmedulloblastomabrain tumoursubgroupsstem cells |
| spellingShingle | Emilia Bevacqua Jasmin Farshchi Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou Paola Tucci Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups Cancers miRNA medulloblastoma brain tumour subgroups stem cells |
| title | Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups |
| title_full | Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups |
| title_fullStr | Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups |
| title_short | Role of MicroRNAs in the Development and Progression of the Four Medulloblastoma Subgroups |
| title_sort | role of micrornas in the development and progression of the four medulloblastoma subgroups |
| topic | miRNA medulloblastoma brain tumour subgroups stem cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6323 |
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