Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection
The DICOM (<i>Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine</i>) standard provides a framework for a diagnostically-accurate representation, processing, transfer, storage and display of medical imaging data. Information hiding in DICOM is currently limited to the application of digital m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/176 |
| _version_ | 1797480609968291840 |
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| author | Aleksandra Mileva Aleksandar Velinov Vesna Dimitrova Luca Caviglione Steffen Wendzel |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Mileva Aleksandar Velinov Vesna Dimitrova Luca Caviglione Steffen Wendzel |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Mileva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The DICOM (<i>Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine</i>) standard provides a framework for a diagnostically-accurate representation, processing, transfer, storage and display of medical imaging data. Information hiding in DICOM is currently limited to the application of digital media steganography and watermarking techniques on the media parts of DICOM files, as well as text steganographic techniques for embedding information in metadata of DICOM files. To improve the overall security of the DICOM standard, we investigate its susceptibility to network steganographic techniques. To this aim, we develop several network covert channels that can be created by using a specific transport mechanism – the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service. The bandwidth, undetectability and robustness of the proposed covert channels are evaluated, and potential countermeasures are suggested. Moreover, a detection mechanism leveraging entropy-based metrics is introduced and its performance has been assessed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:02:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-640b737cb4844730bf61a75cf3705072 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:02:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-640b737cb4844730bf61a75cf37050722023-11-23T19:47:12ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-01-0124217610.3390/e24020176Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based DetectionAleksandra Mileva0Aleksandar Velinov1Vesna Dimitrova2Luca Caviglione3Steffen Wendzel4Faculty of Computer Science, “Goce Delcev” University, 2000 Shtip, North MacedoniaFaculty of Computer Science, “Goce Delcev” University, 2000 Shtip, North MacedoniaFaculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 1000 Skopje, North MacedoniaInstitute of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, 16149 Genova, ItalyCenter for Technology and Transfer, Worms University of Applied Sciences, 67549 Worms, GermanyThe DICOM (<i>Digital Imaging and COmmunication in Medicine</i>) standard provides a framework for a diagnostically-accurate representation, processing, transfer, storage and display of medical imaging data. Information hiding in DICOM is currently limited to the application of digital media steganography and watermarking techniques on the media parts of DICOM files, as well as text steganographic techniques for embedding information in metadata of DICOM files. To improve the overall security of the DICOM standard, we investigate its susceptibility to network steganographic techniques. To this aim, we develop several network covert channels that can be created by using a specific transport mechanism – the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service. The bandwidth, undetectability and robustness of the proposed covert channels are evaluated, and potential countermeasures are suggested. Moreover, a detection mechanism leveraging entropy-based metrics is introduced and its performance has been assessed.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/176network steganographymedical informaticsHISPACSCT scannersMRI scanners |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Mileva Aleksandar Velinov Vesna Dimitrova Luca Caviglione Steffen Wendzel Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection Entropy network steganography medical informatics HIS PACS CT scanners MRI scanners |
| title | Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection |
| title_full | Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection |
| title_fullStr | Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection |
| title_short | Information Hiding in the DICOM Message Service and Upper Layer Service with Entropy-Based Detection |
| title_sort | information hiding in the dicom message service and upper layer service with entropy based detection |
| topic | network steganography medical informatics HIS PACS CT scanners MRI scanners |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/176 |
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