Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats
Essential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc are cofactors in various biological processes including oxygen utilisation, cell growth, and biomolecular synthesis. The homeostasis of these essential metals is carefully controlled through a system of protein transporters involved in the uptake, stor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/1/85 |
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| author | Jereme G. Spiers Li Si Tan Stephen T. Anderson Andrew F. Hill Nickolas A. Lavidis Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen |
| author_facet | Jereme G. Spiers Li Si Tan Stephen T. Anderson Andrew F. Hill Nickolas A. Lavidis Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen |
| author_sort | Jereme G. Spiers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Essential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc are cofactors in various biological processes including oxygen utilisation, cell growth, and biomolecular synthesis. The homeostasis of these essential metals is carefully controlled through a system of protein transporters involved in the uptake, storage, and secretion. Some metal ions can be transformed by processes including reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, and correspondingly, the breakdown of metal ion homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We have previously demonstrated rapid biochemical responses to stress involving alterations in the redox state to generate free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress. However, the effects of stress on redox-active metals including iron and copper and redox-inert zinc have not been well characterised. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in these essential metals following exposure to short-term repeated stress, and to further elucidate the alterations in metal homeostasis through expression analysis of different metal transporters. Outbred male Wistar rats were exposed to unrestrained (control), 1 day, or 3 days of 6 h restraint stress (<i>n</i> = 8 per group). After the respective stress treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for the analysis of biometal concentrations and relative gene expression of metal transporter and binding proteins. Exposure to repeated restraint stress was highly effective in causing hepatic redox imbalance. Stress was also shown to induce hepatic metal redistribution, while modulating the mRNA levels of key metal transporters. Overall, this study is the first to characterise the gene expression profile of metal homeostasis following stress and provide insight into the changes occurring prior to the onset of chronic stress conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:00:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-640d369ecb9f4283930fa32ccf55f489 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:00:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-640d369ecb9f4283930fa32ccf55f4892023-11-23T12:47:04ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-12-011118510.3390/antiox11010085Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in RatsJereme G. Spiers0Li Si Tan1Stephen T. Anderson2Andrew F. Hill3Nickolas A. Lavidis4Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen5Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaEssential metals such as copper, iron, and zinc are cofactors in various biological processes including oxygen utilisation, cell growth, and biomolecular synthesis. The homeostasis of these essential metals is carefully controlled through a system of protein transporters involved in the uptake, storage, and secretion. Some metal ions can be transformed by processes including reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, and correspondingly, the breakdown of metal ion homeostasis can lead to formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We have previously demonstrated rapid biochemical responses to stress involving alterations in the redox state to generate free radicals and the resultant oxidative stress. However, the effects of stress on redox-active metals including iron and copper and redox-inert zinc have not been well characterised. Therefore, this study aims to examine the changes in these essential metals following exposure to short-term repeated stress, and to further elucidate the alterations in metal homeostasis through expression analysis of different metal transporters. Outbred male Wistar rats were exposed to unrestrained (control), 1 day, or 3 days of 6 h restraint stress (<i>n</i> = 8 per group). After the respective stress treatment, blood and liver samples were collected for the analysis of biometal concentrations and relative gene expression of metal transporter and binding proteins. Exposure to repeated restraint stress was highly effective in causing hepatic redox imbalance. Stress was also shown to induce hepatic metal redistribution, while modulating the mRNA levels of key metal transporters. Overall, this study is the first to characterise the gene expression profile of metal homeostasis following stress and provide insight into the changes occurring prior to the onset of chronic stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/1/85copperessential metalsironliverratredox |
| spellingShingle | Jereme G. Spiers Li Si Tan Stephen T. Anderson Andrew F. Hill Nickolas A. Lavidis Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats Antioxidants copper essential metals iron liver rat redox |
| title | Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats |
| title_full | Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats |
| title_short | Hepatic Homeostasis of Metal Ions Following Acute Repeated Stress Exposure in Rats |
| title_sort | hepatic homeostasis of metal ions following acute repeated stress exposure in rats |
| topic | copper essential metals iron liver rat redox |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/1/85 |
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