Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection
The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex of flaviviruses consists of arboviruses that cause important diseases in animals and humans. The transmission of this group of viruses is commonly associated with tick species such as Ixodes spp., Dermacentor spp., and Hyalomma spp. In the case of...
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MDPI AG
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/7/189 |
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| author | Melbourne Rio Talactac Kentaro Yoshii Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez Kodai Kusakisako Remil Linggatong Galay Kozo Fujisaki Masami Mochizuki Tetsuya Tanaka |
| author_facet | Melbourne Rio Talactac Kentaro Yoshii Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez Kodai Kusakisako Remil Linggatong Galay Kozo Fujisaki Masami Mochizuki Tetsuya Tanaka |
| author_sort | Melbourne Rio Talactac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex of flaviviruses consists of arboviruses that cause important diseases in animals and humans. The transmission of this group of viruses is commonly associated with tick species such as Ixodes spp., Dermacentor spp., and Hyalomma spp. In the case of Haemaphysalis longicornis, the detection and isolation of flaviviruses have been previously reported. However, studies showing survival dynamics of any tick-borne flavivirus in H. longicornis are still lacking. In this study, an anal pore microinjection method was used to infect adult H. longicornis with Langat virus (LGTV), a naturally attenuated member of the TBEV serocomplex. LGTV detection in ticks was done by real-time PCR, virus isolation, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The maximum viral titer was recorded at 28 days post-inoculation, and midgut cells were shown to be the primary replication site. The tick can also harbor the virus for at least 120 days and can successfully transmit LGTV to susceptible mice as confirmed by detection of LGTV antibodies. However, no transovarial transmission was observed from the egg and larval samples. Taken together, our results highly suggest that anal pore microinjection can be an effective method in infecting adult H. longicornis, which can greatly assist in our efforts to study tick and virus interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:05:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-640fbbf768e349b7bf090d47849b660f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:05:10Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-640fbbf768e349b7bf090d47849b660f2022-12-22T03:14:58ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152017-07-019718910.3390/v9070189v9070189Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore MicroinjectionMelbourne Rio Talactac0Kentaro Yoshii1Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez2Kodai Kusakisako3Remil Linggatong Galay4Kozo Fujisaki5Masami Mochizuki6Tetsuya Tanaka7Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanLaboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita-18 Nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, JapanLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, JapanLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanLaboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanThe tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex of flaviviruses consists of arboviruses that cause important diseases in animals and humans. The transmission of this group of viruses is commonly associated with tick species such as Ixodes spp., Dermacentor spp., and Hyalomma spp. In the case of Haemaphysalis longicornis, the detection and isolation of flaviviruses have been previously reported. However, studies showing survival dynamics of any tick-borne flavivirus in H. longicornis are still lacking. In this study, an anal pore microinjection method was used to infect adult H. longicornis with Langat virus (LGTV), a naturally attenuated member of the TBEV serocomplex. LGTV detection in ticks was done by real-time PCR, virus isolation, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The maximum viral titer was recorded at 28 days post-inoculation, and midgut cells were shown to be the primary replication site. The tick can also harbor the virus for at least 120 days and can successfully transmit LGTV to susceptible mice as confirmed by detection of LGTV antibodies. However, no transovarial transmission was observed from the egg and larval samples. Taken together, our results highly suggest that anal pore microinjection can be an effective method in infecting adult H. longicornis, which can greatly assist in our efforts to study tick and virus interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/7/189anal pore microinjectionLangat virusHaemaphysalis longicornisvirus transmission |
| spellingShingle | Melbourne Rio Talactac Kentaro Yoshii Emmanuel Pacia Hernandez Kodai Kusakisako Remil Linggatong Galay Kozo Fujisaki Masami Mochizuki Tetsuya Tanaka Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection Viruses anal pore microinjection Langat virus Haemaphysalis longicornis virus transmission |
| title | Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection |
| title_full | Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection |
| title_fullStr | Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection |
| title_short | Synchronous Langat Virus Infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis Using Anal Pore Microinjection |
| title_sort | synchronous langat virus infection of haemaphysalis longicornis using anal pore microinjection |
| topic | anal pore microinjection Langat virus Haemaphysalis longicornis virus transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/7/189 |
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