Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico
BackgroundWith the widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role of immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance in the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during Omicron predominance in Mexic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146059/full |
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| author | José Antonio Montes-González Christian Arturo Zaragoza-Jiménez Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Daniel Ramírez-García Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas Gabriel García-Rodríguez Hugo López-Gatell Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla |
| author_facet | José Antonio Montes-González Christian Arturo Zaragoza-Jiménez Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Daniel Ramírez-García Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas Gabriel García-Rodríguez Hugo López-Gatell Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla |
| author_sort | José Antonio Montes-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWith the widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role of immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance in the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during Omicron predominance in Mexico.MethodsWe analyzed reinfections in Mexico in individuals with a primary infection separated by at least 90 days from reinfection using a national surveillance registry of SARS-CoV-2 cases from March 3rd, 2020, to August 13th, 2022. Immunity-generating events included primary infection, partial or complete vaccination, and booster vaccines. Reinfections were matched by age and sex with controls with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative RT-PCR or antigen test at least 90 days after primary infection to explore reinfection and severe disease risk factors. We also compared the protective efficacy of heterologous and homologous vaccine boosters against reinfection.ResultsWe detected 231,202 SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Mexico, most occurring in unvaccinated individuals (41.55%). Over 207,623 reinfections occurred during periods of Omicron (89.8%), BA.1 (36.74%), and BA.5 (33.67%) subvariant predominance and a case-fatality rate of 0.22%. Vaccination protected against reinfection, without significant influence of the order of immunity-generating events and provided >90% protection against severe reinfections. Heterologous booster schedules were associated with ~11% and ~ 54% lower risk for reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19, respectively, modified by time-elapsed since the last immunity-generating event, when compared against complete primary schedules.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased during Omicron predominance. Hybrid immunity provides protection against reinfection and associated severe COVID-19, with potential benefit from heterologous booster schedules. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:42:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-641290c444bb48d4acfa1b3b9e090ed9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:42:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-641290c444bb48d4acfa1b3b9e090ed92023-04-04T05:30:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-04-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11460591146059Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in MexicoJosé Antonio Montes-González0Christian Arturo Zaragoza-Jiménez1Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa2Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez3Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez4Daniel Ramírez-García5Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez6Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas7Gabriel García-Rodríguez8Hugo López-Gatell9Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer10Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla11Dirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoDirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, MexicoDirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, MexicoMD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoDirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, MexicoMD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoDirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoDirección General de Epidemiología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoSubsecretaría de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, MexicoDepartamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoDirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, MexicoBackgroundWith the widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role of immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance in the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during Omicron predominance in Mexico.MethodsWe analyzed reinfections in Mexico in individuals with a primary infection separated by at least 90 days from reinfection using a national surveillance registry of SARS-CoV-2 cases from March 3rd, 2020, to August 13th, 2022. Immunity-generating events included primary infection, partial or complete vaccination, and booster vaccines. Reinfections were matched by age and sex with controls with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative RT-PCR or antigen test at least 90 days after primary infection to explore reinfection and severe disease risk factors. We also compared the protective efficacy of heterologous and homologous vaccine boosters against reinfection.ResultsWe detected 231,202 SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Mexico, most occurring in unvaccinated individuals (41.55%). Over 207,623 reinfections occurred during periods of Omicron (89.8%), BA.1 (36.74%), and BA.5 (33.67%) subvariant predominance and a case-fatality rate of 0.22%. Vaccination protected against reinfection, without significant influence of the order of immunity-generating events and provided >90% protection against severe reinfections. Heterologous booster schedules were associated with ~11% and ~ 54% lower risk for reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19, respectively, modified by time-elapsed since the last immunity-generating event, when compared against complete primary schedules.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased during Omicron predominance. Hybrid immunity provides protection against reinfection and associated severe COVID-19, with potential benefit from heterologous booster schedules.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146059/fullreinfectionhybrid immunityvaccinationvaccine boostersSARS-CoV-2heterologous booster |
| spellingShingle | José Antonio Montes-González Christian Arturo Zaragoza-Jiménez Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez Daniel Ramírez-García Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas Gabriel García-Rodríguez Hugo López-Gatell Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico Frontiers in Public Health reinfection hybrid immunity vaccination vaccine boosters SARS-CoV-2 heterologous booster |
| title | Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico |
| title_full | Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico |
| title_short | Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico |
| title_sort | protection of hybrid immunity against sars cov 2 reinfection and severe covid 19 during periods of omicron variant predominance in mexico |
| topic | reinfection hybrid immunity vaccination vaccine boosters SARS-CoV-2 heterologous booster |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146059/full |
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