Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq

The soil samples from 0-10 cm depth were collected from three areas (Center of Basrah - CB, Garmat Ali - GA, and Abu Al-Khasib - AK) located along the Shatt Al-Arab River (SR) delta in southern Iraq to estimate the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAH total co...

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Main Authors: Hamid Al-Saad, Wisam Farid, Wasen Abdul-Ameer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2019-06-01
Series:Soil and Water Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/swr-201902-0004_distribution-and-sources-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-soils-along-the-shatt-al-arab-river-delta-in-so.php
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author Hamid Al-Saad
Wisam Farid
Wasen Abdul-Ameer
author_facet Hamid Al-Saad
Wisam Farid
Wasen Abdul-Ameer
author_sort Hamid Al-Saad
collection DOAJ
description The soil samples from 0-10 cm depth were collected from three areas (Center of Basrah - CB, Garmat Ali - GA, and Abu Al-Khasib - AK) located along the Shatt Al-Arab River (SR) delta in southern Iraq to estimate the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAH total concentrations in the soils decreased significantly from CB (72.16 ng/g dry weight (DW)), GA (36.48 ng/g DW), to AK (17.30 ng/g DW) gradually indicating the impact of pollution emissions on the distribution of PAHs in soils. The low (2 and 3 ring) and high (4, 5, and 6 ring) molecular weight PAHs accounted for 14%, 16%, 37%, 21%, and 12% respectively in CB soil, 24%, 31%, 29%, 7%, and 10% in GA soil and 40%, 29%, 17%, 8%, and 8% in AK soil. The high molecular weight PAHs predominated in CB soils and the low molecular weight PAHs dominated in GA and AK soils suggesting a difference in emission sources between the studied areas. The PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PAHs in soils of the SR delta essentially originated from traffic and industrial emissions and biomass and grass/wood/coal combustion. The PAH atmospheric transport from CB area might impact the PAH distribution in the soils of AK area. The risk assessment of the soils has been performed. The total toxic equivalent concentrations (Bapteq) of PAHs in the examined areas did not exceed the Dutch target values suggesting that no carcinogenic risk for the SR delta soils was found.
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spelling doaj.art-641e022b8af84475be32f6133517d1c62023-02-23T03:48:41ZengCzech Academy of Agricultural SciencesSoil and Water Research1801-53951805-93842019-06-01142849310.17221/38/2018-SWRswr-201902-0004Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern IraqHamid Al-Saad0Wisam Farid1Wasen Abdul-Ameer2College of Marine Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqDepartment of Community Health Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology in Basrah, Southern Technical University, Basrah, IraqDepartment of Community Health Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology in Basrah, Southern Technical University, Basrah, IraqThe soil samples from 0-10 cm depth were collected from three areas (Center of Basrah - CB, Garmat Ali - GA, and Abu Al-Khasib - AK) located along the Shatt Al-Arab River (SR) delta in southern Iraq to estimate the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAH total concentrations in the soils decreased significantly from CB (72.16 ng/g dry weight (DW)), GA (36.48 ng/g DW), to AK (17.30 ng/g DW) gradually indicating the impact of pollution emissions on the distribution of PAHs in soils. The low (2 and 3 ring) and high (4, 5, and 6 ring) molecular weight PAHs accounted for 14%, 16%, 37%, 21%, and 12% respectively in CB soil, 24%, 31%, 29%, 7%, and 10% in GA soil and 40%, 29%, 17%, 8%, and 8% in AK soil. The high molecular weight PAHs predominated in CB soils and the low molecular weight PAHs dominated in GA and AK soils suggesting a difference in emission sources between the studied areas. The PAH diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that PAHs in soils of the SR delta essentially originated from traffic and industrial emissions and biomass and grass/wood/coal combustion. The PAH atmospheric transport from CB area might impact the PAH distribution in the soils of AK area. The risk assessment of the soils has been performed. The total toxic equivalent concentrations (Bapteq) of PAHs in the examined areas did not exceed the Dutch target values suggesting that no carcinogenic risk for the SR delta soils was found.https://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/swr-201902-0004_distribution-and-sources-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-soils-along-the-shatt-al-arab-river-delta-in-so.phppahsoil contaminationrisk assessmentsoil pollution
spellingShingle Hamid Al-Saad
Wisam Farid
Wasen Abdul-Ameer
Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
Soil and Water Research
pahs
oil contamination
risk assessment
soil pollution
title Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
title_full Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
title_fullStr Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
title_short Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the Shatt Al-Arab River Delta in southern Iraq
title_sort distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils along the shatt al arab river delta in southern iraq
topic pahs
oil contamination
risk assessment
soil pollution
url https://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/swr-201902-0004_distribution-and-sources-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-soils-along-the-shatt-al-arab-river-delta-in-so.php
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AT wisamfarid distributionandsourcesofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsinsoilsalongtheshattalarabriverdeltainsoutherniraq
AT wasenabdulameer distributionandsourcesofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsinsoilsalongtheshattalarabriverdeltainsoutherniraq