Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis
Membrane technology has gained much ground in water and wastewater treatment over the past couple of decades. This is timely, as the world explores smart, eco-friendly, and cheap water and wastewater treatment technologies in its quest to make potable water and sanitation commonplace in all parts of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/119 |
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| author | Elorm Obotey Ezugbe Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Sudesh Rathilal Dennis Asante-Sackey Gloria Amo-Duodu |
| author_facet | Elorm Obotey Ezugbe Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Sudesh Rathilal Dennis Asante-Sackey Gloria Amo-Duodu |
| author_sort | Elorm Obotey Ezugbe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Membrane technology has gained much ground in water and wastewater treatment over the past couple of decades. This is timely, as the world explores smart, eco-friendly, and cheap water and wastewater treatment technologies in its quest to make potable water and sanitation commonplace in all parts of the world. Against this background, this study investigated forward osmosis (FO) in the removal of salts (chlorides, sulphates, and carbonates) and organics (chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and color) from a synthetic municipal wastewater (MWW), mimicking secondary-treated industrial wastewater, at very low feed and draw solution flow rates (0.16 and 0.14 L/min respectively), using 70 g/L NaCl solution as the draw solution. The results obtained showed an average of 97.67% rejection of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> while Cl<sup>−</sup> was found to enrich the feed solution (FS). An average removal of 88.92% was achieved for the organics. A permeation flux of 5.06 L/m<sup>2</sup>.h was obtained. The kinetics of the ions transport was studied, and was found to fit the second-order kinetic model, with Pearson’s R-values of 0.998 and 0.974 for Cl<sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> respectively. The study proves FO as a potential technology to desalinate saline MWW. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-641f82c1edb743f6b561b925ddb9ea16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-641f82c1edb743f6b561b925ddb9ea162023-12-03T12:50:04ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-02-0111211910.3390/membranes11020119Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward OsmosisElorm Obotey Ezugbe0Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh1Sudesh Rathilal2Dennis Asante-Sackey3Gloria Amo-Duodu4Green Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaGreen Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaGreen Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaGreen Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaGreen Engineering and Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and The Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaMembrane technology has gained much ground in water and wastewater treatment over the past couple of decades. This is timely, as the world explores smart, eco-friendly, and cheap water and wastewater treatment technologies in its quest to make potable water and sanitation commonplace in all parts of the world. Against this background, this study investigated forward osmosis (FO) in the removal of salts (chlorides, sulphates, and carbonates) and organics (chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and color) from a synthetic municipal wastewater (MWW), mimicking secondary-treated industrial wastewater, at very low feed and draw solution flow rates (0.16 and 0.14 L/min respectively), using 70 g/L NaCl solution as the draw solution. The results obtained showed an average of 97.67% rejection of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> while Cl<sup>−</sup> was found to enrich the feed solution (FS). An average removal of 88.92% was achieved for the organics. A permeation flux of 5.06 L/m<sup>2</sup>.h was obtained. The kinetics of the ions transport was studied, and was found to fit the second-order kinetic model, with Pearson’s R-values of 0.998 and 0.974 for Cl<sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> respectively. The study proves FO as a potential technology to desalinate saline MWW.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/119forward osmosismembranemunicipal wastewatersaltspermeate |
| spellingShingle | Elorm Obotey Ezugbe Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh Sudesh Rathilal Dennis Asante-Sackey Gloria Amo-Duodu Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis Membranes forward osmosis membrane municipal wastewater salts permeate |
| title | Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis |
| title_full | Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis |
| title_fullStr | Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis |
| title_short | Desalination of Municipal Wastewater Using Forward Osmosis |
| title_sort | desalination of municipal wastewater using forward osmosis |
| topic | forward osmosis membrane municipal wastewater salts permeate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/2/119 |
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