Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses
Blissidae (the Chinch bug) is a group with high species richness in Lygaeoidea, but there are only a few descriptions of mitochondrial genomes available. We obtained mitogenomes from 10 species of eight genera from Blissidae through second-generation sequencing technology. The length of the mitochon...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/7/643 |
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| author | Shujing Wang Runqi Zhu Huaijun Xue Yanfei Li Wenjun Bu |
| author_facet | Shujing Wang Runqi Zhu Huaijun Xue Yanfei Li Wenjun Bu |
| author_sort | Shujing Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blissidae (the Chinch bug) is a group with high species richness in Lygaeoidea, but there are only a few descriptions of mitochondrial genomes available. We obtained mitogenomes from 10 species of eight genera from Blissidae through second-generation sequencing technology. The length of the mitochondrial genome (excluding the control region) is between 14643 and 14385 bp; the content of AT is between 74.1% and 77.9%. The sequence of the evolution rate of protein coding genes was as follows: <i>ND5</i> > <i>ATP8</i> > <i>ND6</i> > <i>ND2</i> > <i>ND4</i> > <i>ND4L</i> > <i>ND1</i> > <i>ATP6</i> > <i>ND3</i> > <i>COIII</i> > <i>COII</i> > <i>CYTB</i> > <i>COI</i>. The mitogenomic structure of Blissidae is highly conservative. Gene rearrangement is only found in <i>Pirkimeru japonicus</i> (PiGXBS1), which is formed as the duplication of tRNA-H. The intergenic spacer between ND4 and tRNA-H, which form an obvious stem-and-loop structure, was found in all samples in this study. The phylogenetic trees generated by BI and ML indicated that Blissidae can be divided into three major clades: Clade A (only included <i>Macropes)</i>; Clade B ((<i>Pirkimerus</i> + <i>Bochrus</i>) + <i>Iphicrates</i>); and Clade C ((<i>Ischnodemus</i> + <i>Capodemus</i>) + (<i>Cavelerius</i> + <i>Dimorphopterus</i>)). The divergence within the Blissidae began at about 56 Ma. At the genus level, the divergence was concentrated at 30–51 Ma, slightly later than the diversification of Poaceae. The consistency of divergence time between Blissidae and Poaceae might hint at the coevolutionary relationship between them, but further molecular and biological evidence is still needed to prove it. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:39:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-64201d63a66c42b68436d337681a67a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:39:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-64201d63a66c42b68436d337681a67a72023-11-30T21:09:01ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-07-0113764310.3390/insects13070643Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with GrassesShujing Wang0Runqi Zhu1Huaijun Xue2Yanfei Li3Wenjun Bu4Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaBlissidae (the Chinch bug) is a group with high species richness in Lygaeoidea, but there are only a few descriptions of mitochondrial genomes available. We obtained mitogenomes from 10 species of eight genera from Blissidae through second-generation sequencing technology. The length of the mitochondrial genome (excluding the control region) is between 14643 and 14385 bp; the content of AT is between 74.1% and 77.9%. The sequence of the evolution rate of protein coding genes was as follows: <i>ND5</i> > <i>ATP8</i> > <i>ND6</i> > <i>ND2</i> > <i>ND4</i> > <i>ND4L</i> > <i>ND1</i> > <i>ATP6</i> > <i>ND3</i> > <i>COIII</i> > <i>COII</i> > <i>CYTB</i> > <i>COI</i>. The mitogenomic structure of Blissidae is highly conservative. Gene rearrangement is only found in <i>Pirkimeru japonicus</i> (PiGXBS1), which is formed as the duplication of tRNA-H. The intergenic spacer between ND4 and tRNA-H, which form an obvious stem-and-loop structure, was found in all samples in this study. The phylogenetic trees generated by BI and ML indicated that Blissidae can be divided into three major clades: Clade A (only included <i>Macropes)</i>; Clade B ((<i>Pirkimerus</i> + <i>Bochrus</i>) + <i>Iphicrates</i>); and Clade C ((<i>Ischnodemus</i> + <i>Capodemus</i>) + (<i>Cavelerius</i> + <i>Dimorphopterus</i>)). The divergence within the Blissidae began at about 56 Ma. At the genus level, the divergence was concentrated at 30–51 Ma, slightly later than the diversification of Poaceae. The consistency of divergence time between Blissidae and Poaceae might hint at the coevolutionary relationship between them, but further molecular and biological evidence is still needed to prove it.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/7/643BlissidaePoaceaemitogenomegene rearrangementphylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Shujing Wang Runqi Zhu Huaijun Xue Yanfei Li Wenjun Bu Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses Insects Blissidae Poaceae mitogenome gene rearrangement phylogeny |
| title | Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses |
| title_full | Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses |
| title_fullStr | Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses |
| title_short | Mitogenomics of Chinch Bugs from China and Implications for Its Coevolutionary Relationship with Grasses |
| title_sort | mitogenomics of chinch bugs from china and implications for its coevolutionary relationship with grasses |
| topic | Blissidae Poaceae mitogenome gene rearrangement phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/7/643 |
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