Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020
Diet quality during reproduction is crucial to maternal and infant health. However, the association between dietary diversity and bone health of pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the dietary quality of Chinese urban gravidas using the dietary diversity score (DDS), and to explore...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4690 |
| _version_ | 1797466890231087104 |
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| author | Wuxian Zhong Ai Zhao Hanglian Lan Shuai Mao Pin Li Hua Jiang Peiyu Wang Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto Yumei Zhang |
| author_facet | Wuxian Zhong Ai Zhao Hanglian Lan Shuai Mao Pin Li Hua Jiang Peiyu Wang Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto Yumei Zhang |
| author_sort | Wuxian Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diet quality during reproduction is crucial to maternal and infant health. However, the association between dietary diversity and bone health of pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the dietary quality of Chinese urban gravidas using the dietary diversity score (DDS), and to explore the relationship of the DDS with micronutrient adequacy and bone health. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 775 pregnant women aged 18 years or older in urban China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator. A 24-h dietary recall was used to collect diet data and to calculate the MDD-W and the nutrient intake. Bone health was measured using quantitative ultrasound and assessed by the speed of sound (SOS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the DDS and the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were calculated. A multivariable linear regression model was used to estimate the effect size of the DDS on the SOS. The mean DDS was 6.61 ± 1.53 points and 91.0% of participants reported the consumption of five or more food groups. Women in the diverse diet subgroup (DDS ≥ 7 points) were more likely to consume all kinds of food except starchy staples and had higher NARs. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the DDS and the NAR ranged from 0.161 to 0.484. For participants in the second trimester, those with a diverse diet had a higher SOS. A multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the DDS was positively and significantly associated with the SOS (β = 17.18, 95% CI = 5.97–28.39, <i>p</i> = 0.003), but this was not the case for women in the first and third trimesters. Urban Chinese women had good dietary diversity during pregnancy. A higher dietary diversity was associated with a higher NAR. From the point of view of bone, a diverse diet was positively correlated with better bone status, suggesting the importance of improving diet diversity for pregnant women, especially from mid-pregnancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:46:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64294bcb26ae413d9250cb0a9227eacf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:46:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-64294bcb26ae413d9250cb0a9227eacf2023-11-24T06:15:42ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-11-011421469010.3390/nu14214690Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020Wuxian Zhong0Ai Zhao1Hanglian Lan2Shuai Mao3Pin Li4Hua Jiang5Peiyu Wang6Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto7Yumei Zhang8Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaYili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing 100071, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Nursing, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaYili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Beijing 100071, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaDiet quality during reproduction is crucial to maternal and infant health. However, the association between dietary diversity and bone health of pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the dietary quality of Chinese urban gravidas using the dietary diversity score (DDS), and to explore the relationship of the DDS with micronutrient adequacy and bone health. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 775 pregnant women aged 18 years or older in urban China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator. A 24-h dietary recall was used to collect diet data and to calculate the MDD-W and the nutrient intake. Bone health was measured using quantitative ultrasound and assessed by the speed of sound (SOS). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the DDS and the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were calculated. A multivariable linear regression model was used to estimate the effect size of the DDS on the SOS. The mean DDS was 6.61 ± 1.53 points and 91.0% of participants reported the consumption of five or more food groups. Women in the diverse diet subgroup (DDS ≥ 7 points) were more likely to consume all kinds of food except starchy staples and had higher NARs. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the DDS and the NAR ranged from 0.161 to 0.484. For participants in the second trimester, those with a diverse diet had a higher SOS. A multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the DDS was positively and significantly associated with the SOS (β = 17.18, 95% CI = 5.97–28.39, <i>p</i> = 0.003), but this was not the case for women in the first and third trimesters. Urban Chinese women had good dietary diversity during pregnancy. A higher dietary diversity was associated with a higher NAR. From the point of view of bone, a diverse diet was positively correlated with better bone status, suggesting the importance of improving diet diversity for pregnant women, especially from mid-pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4690dietary qualityminimum dietary diversity for womennutrient adequacybone healthspeed of soundpregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Wuxian Zhong Ai Zhao Hanglian Lan Shuai Mao Pin Li Hua Jiang Peiyu Wang Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto Yumei Zhang Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 Nutrients dietary quality minimum dietary diversity for women nutrient adequacy bone health speed of sound pregnancy |
| title | Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 |
| title_full | Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 |
| title_short | Dietary Diversity, Micronutrient Adequacy and Bone Status during Pregnancy: A Study in Urban China from 2019 to 2020 |
| title_sort | dietary diversity micronutrient adequacy and bone status during pregnancy a study in urban china from 2019 to 2020 |
| topic | dietary quality minimum dietary diversity for women nutrient adequacy bone health speed of sound pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4690 |
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