Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Most forms of life, including the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes synthesize the polyamine putrescine. Although putrescine is widely distributed, several Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), appear to be the exceptions. We repor...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/881 |
| _version_ | 1797587863385145344 |
|---|---|
| author | Javier Seravalli Frank Portugal |
| author_facet | Javier Seravalli Frank Portugal |
| author_sort | Javier Seravalli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most forms of life, including the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes synthesize the polyamine putrescine. Although putrescine is widely distributed, several Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), appear to be the exceptions. We report here that strains of <i>S. aureus</i> can produce the polyamine putrescine, as well as the derivative <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine. Three strains of <i>S. aureus</i> from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), one strain listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, whose genomic sequence is well defined, and well as eight strains from <i>S. aureus</i>-induced brain abscesses of individual patients from multiple geographic locations were evaluated. Each strain was grown in complete chemically defined medium (CDM) under stringent conditions, after which the partially purified conditioned medium (CM) was analyzed by mass spectroscopy (MS), and the data were reported as the <i>ratio</i> of experimental results to controls. We confirmed the synthesis of putrescine by <i>S. aureus</i> by using <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-labeled arginine as a tracer. We found that agmatine, <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine, ornithine, citrulline, proline, and NH<sub>3</sub> were all labeled with heavy isotope derived from <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-labeled arginine. None of the strains examined produced spermine or spermidine, but strains from either ATCC or human brain abscesses produced putrescine and/or its derivative <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:44:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64397ab2622c4236aa5f28cffb09ac25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:44:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-64397ab2622c4236aa5f28cffb09ac252023-11-18T20:50:19ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-06-0112788110.3390/pathogens12070881Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Javier Seravalli0Frank Portugal1Redox Biology Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USADepartment of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USAMost forms of life, including the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes synthesize the polyamine putrescine. Although putrescine is widely distributed, several Gram-positive bacteria, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), appear to be the exceptions. We report here that strains of <i>S. aureus</i> can produce the polyamine putrescine, as well as the derivative <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine. Three strains of <i>S. aureus</i> from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), one strain listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, whose genomic sequence is well defined, and well as eight strains from <i>S. aureus</i>-induced brain abscesses of individual patients from multiple geographic locations were evaluated. Each strain was grown in complete chemically defined medium (CDM) under stringent conditions, after which the partially purified conditioned medium (CM) was analyzed by mass spectroscopy (MS), and the data were reported as the <i>ratio</i> of experimental results to controls. We confirmed the synthesis of putrescine by <i>S. aureus</i> by using <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-labeled arginine as a tracer. We found that agmatine, <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine, ornithine, citrulline, proline, and NH<sub>3</sub> were all labeled with heavy isotope derived from <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-labeled arginine. None of the strains examined produced spermine or spermidine, but strains from either ATCC or human brain abscesses produced putrescine and/or its derivative <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/881putrescine<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i><i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescinebacterial pathogenmass spectrometrymultiple reaction monitoring (MRM) |
| spellingShingle | Javier Seravalli Frank Portugal Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Pathogens putrescine <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine bacterial pathogen mass spectrometry multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) |
| title | Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | Putrescine Detected in Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | putrescine detected in strains of i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | putrescine <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>N</i>-acetyl-putrescine bacterial pathogen mass spectrometry multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/7/881 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT javierseravalli putrescinedetectedinstrainsofistaphylococcusaureusi AT frankportugal putrescinedetectedinstrainsofistaphylococcusaureusi |