Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula
Abstract Previous studies on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens have utilized a formula incorporating antigen frequencies and relative frequencies of unexpected antibodies to the corresponding antigens. This study was aimed at investigating other variables potentially affecting the estimatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36078-4 |
| _version_ | 1797811544932745216 |
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| author | Yousun Chung Han Joo Kim Hyungsuk Kim Sang-Hyun Hwang Heung-Bum Oh Dae-Hyun Ko |
| author_facet | Yousun Chung Han Joo Kim Hyungsuk Kim Sang-Hyun Hwang Heung-Bum Oh Dae-Hyun Ko |
| author_sort | Yousun Chung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Previous studies on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens have utilized a formula incorporating antigen frequencies and relative frequencies of unexpected antibodies to the corresponding antigens. This study was aimed at investigating other variables potentially affecting the estimation of immunogenicity using this formula. We examined the effect of multiple transfusions, as there are more chance for a recipient to receive repeated transfusions rather than only once; the effect of antigen density, which may vary depending on homozygote/heterozygote; and the effect of unreliability of the observed frequency of rare antibodies and antigens. For multiple transfusions, the expected antibody frequency increased as the number of transfusions increased. For antigen density, the immunogenicity was falsely low for the low-prevalence antigen, and this tendency intensified as the effect of antigen density increased. Expected antibody frequencies were significantly affected by the uncertainties caused by estimation of small numbers. This study showed that the effects of various factors on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens depended on the antigen frequency. Estimating the immunogenicity of blood group antigens requires acknowledging the diverse factors that can affect it and interpreting the findings with caution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:24:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-643b897a4f6c44f8be514f19f7ab4094 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:24:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-643b897a4f6c44f8be514f19f7ab40942023-06-04T11:27:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-05-011311710.1038/s41598-023-36078-4Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formulaYousun Chung0Han Joo Kim1Hyungsuk Kim2Sang-Hyun Hwang3Heung-Bum Oh4Dae-Hyun Ko5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart HospitalDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineAbstract Previous studies on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens have utilized a formula incorporating antigen frequencies and relative frequencies of unexpected antibodies to the corresponding antigens. This study was aimed at investigating other variables potentially affecting the estimation of immunogenicity using this formula. We examined the effect of multiple transfusions, as there are more chance for a recipient to receive repeated transfusions rather than only once; the effect of antigen density, which may vary depending on homozygote/heterozygote; and the effect of unreliability of the observed frequency of rare antibodies and antigens. For multiple transfusions, the expected antibody frequency increased as the number of transfusions increased. For antigen density, the immunogenicity was falsely low for the low-prevalence antigen, and this tendency intensified as the effect of antigen density increased. Expected antibody frequencies were significantly affected by the uncertainties caused by estimation of small numbers. This study showed that the effects of various factors on the immunogenicity of blood group antigens depended on the antigen frequency. Estimating the immunogenicity of blood group antigens requires acknowledging the diverse factors that can affect it and interpreting the findings with caution.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36078-4 |
| spellingShingle | Yousun Chung Han Joo Kim Hyungsuk Kim Sang-Hyun Hwang Heung-Bum Oh Dae-Hyun Ko Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula Scientific Reports |
| title | Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| title_full | Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| title_short | Investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| title_sort | investigation of variables affecting the immunogenicity of blood group antigens using a calculation formula |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36078-4 |
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