Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study
The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> using a combination of antig...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/3/262 |
| _version_ | 1827307287984734208 |
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| author | Fan-Fan Xing Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Chao-Wen Deng Hai-Yan Ye Lin-Lin Sun Yong-Xian Su Hui-Jun Cai Simon Kam-Fai Lo Lei Rong Jian-Liang Chen Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng David Christopher Lung Siddharth Sridhar Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_facet | Fan-Fan Xing Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Chao-Wen Deng Hai-Yan Ye Lin-Lin Sun Yong-Xian Su Hui-Jun Cai Simon Kam-Fai Lo Lei Rong Jian-Liang Chen Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng David Christopher Lung Siddharth Sridhar Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Kwok-Yung Yuen |
| author_sort | Fan-Fan Xing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of <i>M. pneumoniae,</i> with an interval of 5 months between their peaks. The hospitalization rate was higher, with infections caused by respiratory viruses compared to <i>M. pneumoniae</i>. Though the pediatric hospitalization rate of respiratory viruses (66.1%) was higher than that of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> (34.0%), the 4094 cases of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> within 6 months posed a huge burden on healthcare services. Multivariate analysis revealed that <i>M. pneumoniae</i>-infected adults had more fatigue, comorbidities, and higher serum C-reactive protein, whereas children had a higher incidence of other respiratory pathogens detected by tNGS or pathogen-specific PCR, fever, and were more likely to be female. A total of 85% of <i>M. pneumoniae</i>-positive specimens had mutations detected at the 23rRNA gene, with 99.7% showing A2063G mutation. Days to defervescence were longer in those not treated by effective antibiotics and those requiring a change in antibiotic treatment. A delayed but significant rebound of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> was observed after the complete relaxation of pandemic control measures. No unusual, unexplained, or unresponsive cases of respiratory infections which warrant further investigation were identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-643c16cf030642ec95ebba6958afa963 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-643c16cf030642ec95ebba6958afa9632024-03-27T13:18:13ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-03-0113326210.3390/antibiotics13030262Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive StudyFan-Fan Xing0Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu1Chao-Wen Deng2Hai-Yan Ye3Lin-Lin Sun4Yong-Xian Su5Hui-Jun Cai6Simon Kam-Fai Lo7Lei Rong8Jian-Liang Chen9Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng10David Christopher Lung11Siddharth Sridhar12Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan13Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung14Kwok-Yung Yuen15Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, ChinaThe rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of <i>M. pneumoniae,</i> with an interval of 5 months between their peaks. The hospitalization rate was higher, with infections caused by respiratory viruses compared to <i>M. pneumoniae</i>. Though the pediatric hospitalization rate of respiratory viruses (66.1%) was higher than that of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> (34.0%), the 4094 cases of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> within 6 months posed a huge burden on healthcare services. Multivariate analysis revealed that <i>M. pneumoniae</i>-infected adults had more fatigue, comorbidities, and higher serum C-reactive protein, whereas children had a higher incidence of other respiratory pathogens detected by tNGS or pathogen-specific PCR, fever, and were more likely to be female. A total of 85% of <i>M. pneumoniae</i>-positive specimens had mutations detected at the 23rRNA gene, with 99.7% showing A2063G mutation. Days to defervescence were longer in those not treated by effective antibiotics and those requiring a change in antibiotic treatment. A delayed but significant rebound of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> was observed after the complete relaxation of pandemic control measures. No unusual, unexplained, or unresponsive cases of respiratory infections which warrant further investigation were identified.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/3/262<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>macrolide resistancepandemicpost-COVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Fan-Fan Xing Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu Chao-Wen Deng Hai-Yan Ye Lin-Lin Sun Yong-Xian Su Hui-Jun Cai Simon Kam-Fai Lo Lei Rong Jian-Liang Chen Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng David Christopher Lung Siddharth Sridhar Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung Kwok-Yung Yuen Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study Antibiotics <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> macrolide resistance pandemic post-COVID-19 |
| title | Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study |
| title_full | Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study |
| title_fullStr | Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study |
| title_short | Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Rebound of Macrolide-Resistant <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Infection: A Descriptive Study |
| title_sort | post covid 19 pandemic rebound of macrolide resistant i mycoplasma pneumoniae i infection a descriptive study |
| topic | <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> macrolide resistance pandemic post-COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/3/262 |
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