Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India
Despite being a biodiversity hotspot, the Mahanadi delta is facing groundwater salinization as one of the main environmental threats in the recent past. Hence, this study attempts to understand the dynamics of groundwater and its sustainable management options through numerical simulation in the Jag...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/611 |
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| author | Ajit Kumar Behera Rudra Mohan Pradhan Sudhir Kumar Govind Joseph Chakrapani Pankaj Kumar |
| author_facet | Ajit Kumar Behera Rudra Mohan Pradhan Sudhir Kumar Govind Joseph Chakrapani Pankaj Kumar |
| author_sort | Ajit Kumar Behera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite being a biodiversity hotspot, the Mahanadi delta is facing groundwater salinization as one of the main environmental threats in the recent past. Hence, this study attempts to understand the dynamics of groundwater and its sustainable management options through numerical simulation in the Jagatsinghpur deltaic region. The result shows that groundwater in the study area is extensively abstracted for agricultural activities, which also causes the depletion of groundwater levels. The hydraulic head value varies from 0.7 to 15 m above mean sea level (MSL) with an average head of 6 m in this low-lying coastal region. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity and the specific yield values in the area are found to vary from 40 to 45 m/day and 0.05 to 0.07, respectively. The study area has been calibrated for two years (2004–2005) by using these parameters, followed by the validation of four years (2006–2009). The calibrated numerical model is used to evaluate the net recharge and groundwater balance in this study area. The interaction between the river and coastal unconfined aquifer system responds differently in different seasons. The net groundwater recharge to the coastal aquifer has been estimated and varies from 247.89 to 262.63 million cubic meters (MCM) in the year 2006–2007. The model further indicates a net outflow of 8.92–9.64 MCM of groundwater into the Bay of Bengal. Further, the outflow to the sea is preventing the seawater ingress into the shallow coastal aquifer system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64464a81335a419ab0cb58c319ee586f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-64464a81335a419ab0cb58c319ee586f2023-11-23T22:34:40ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114461110.3390/w14040611Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), IndiaAjit Kumar Behera0Rudra Mohan Pradhan1Sudhir Kumar2Govind Joseph Chakrapani3Pankaj Kumar4Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IndiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400 076, IndiaHydrological Investigations Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IndiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, IndiaInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama 2108-11, Kanagawa, JapanDespite being a biodiversity hotspot, the Mahanadi delta is facing groundwater salinization as one of the main environmental threats in the recent past. Hence, this study attempts to understand the dynamics of groundwater and its sustainable management options through numerical simulation in the Jagatsinghpur deltaic region. The result shows that groundwater in the study area is extensively abstracted for agricultural activities, which also causes the depletion of groundwater levels. The hydraulic head value varies from 0.7 to 15 m above mean sea level (MSL) with an average head of 6 m in this low-lying coastal region. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity and the specific yield values in the area are found to vary from 40 to 45 m/day and 0.05 to 0.07, respectively. The study area has been calibrated for two years (2004–2005) by using these parameters, followed by the validation of four years (2006–2009). The calibrated numerical model is used to evaluate the net recharge and groundwater balance in this study area. The interaction between the river and coastal unconfined aquifer system responds differently in different seasons. The net groundwater recharge to the coastal aquifer has been estimated and varies from 247.89 to 262.63 million cubic meters (MCM) in the year 2006–2007. The model further indicates a net outflow of 8.92–9.64 MCM of groundwater into the Bay of Bengal. Further, the outflow to the sea is preventing the seawater ingress into the shallow coastal aquifer system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/611groundwaterMODFLOWgroundwater modelinghydraulic conductivitycoastal aquiferMahanadi delta |
| spellingShingle | Ajit Kumar Behera Rudra Mohan Pradhan Sudhir Kumar Govind Joseph Chakrapani Pankaj Kumar Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India Water groundwater MODFLOW groundwater modeling hydraulic conductivity coastal aquifer Mahanadi delta |
| title | Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India |
| title_full | Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India |
| title_short | Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India |
| title_sort | assessment of groundwater flow dynamics using modflow in shallow aquifer system of mahanadi delta east coast india |
| topic | groundwater MODFLOW groundwater modeling hydraulic conductivity coastal aquifer Mahanadi delta |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/611 |
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