Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat

Polysomnography (PSG) is the standard test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, the approach is obtrusive, time-consuming, and with limited access for patients in need of sleep apnea diagnosis. In recent years, there have been many attempts to search for an alternative device or approach that avoids...

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Main Authors: Hilda Azimi, Pengcheng Xi, Martin Bouchard, Rafik Goubran, Frank Knoefel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9203807/
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author Hilda Azimi
Pengcheng Xi
Martin Bouchard
Rafik Goubran
Frank Knoefel
author_facet Hilda Azimi
Pengcheng Xi
Martin Bouchard
Rafik Goubran
Frank Knoefel
author_sort Hilda Azimi
collection DOAJ
description Polysomnography (PSG) is the standard test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, the approach is obtrusive, time-consuming, and with limited access for patients in need of sleep apnea diagnosis. In recent years, there have been many attempts to search for an alternative device or approach that avoids the limitations of PSG. Pressure-sensitive mats (PSM) have proven to be able to detect central sleep apneas (CSA) and be a potential alternative for PSG. In the current study, we combine advanced machine learning approaches with a practical unobtrusive home monitoring device (PSM) to detect CSA events from data collected nocturnally and unattended. Two deep learning methods are implemented for the automatic detection of CSA events: a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. The deep learning models are compared to a classical machine learning approach (linear support vector machine, SVM) and a simple threshold-based algorithm. Considering the characteristics of each method, we choose strategies, including resampling and weighted cost-functions, to optimize the methods and to perform CSA detection as anomaly detection in an imbalanced data set. We evaluate the performance of all models on a database containing 7 days of data from 9 elderly patients. From the resulting 63 days, data from 7 patients (49 days) are devoted to training for optimizing hyperparameters, and data from 2 patients (14 days) are devoted to testing. Experimental results indicate that the best-performing model achieves an accuracy of 95.1% through training an BiLSTM network. Overall, the implemented deep learning methods achieve better performance than the conventional classification approach (SVM) and the simple threshold-based method, and show good potential for the use of PSM for practical unobtrusive monitoring of CSA.
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spelling doaj.art-644dc6e800d44cb6b75f22f8f03ae7932022-12-21T22:02:32ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-01817342817343910.1109/ACCESS.2020.30258089203807Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive MatHilda Azimi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4462-3627Pengcheng Xi1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-5234Martin Bouchard2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-438XRafik Goubran3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-416XFrank Knoefel4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-4484School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaPolysomnography (PSG) is the standard test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, the approach is obtrusive, time-consuming, and with limited access for patients in need of sleep apnea diagnosis. In recent years, there have been many attempts to search for an alternative device or approach that avoids the limitations of PSG. Pressure-sensitive mats (PSM) have proven to be able to detect central sleep apneas (CSA) and be a potential alternative for PSG. In the current study, we combine advanced machine learning approaches with a practical unobtrusive home monitoring device (PSM) to detect CSA events from data collected nocturnally and unattended. Two deep learning methods are implemented for the automatic detection of CSA events: a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. The deep learning models are compared to a classical machine learning approach (linear support vector machine, SVM) and a simple threshold-based algorithm. Considering the characteristics of each method, we choose strategies, including resampling and weighted cost-functions, to optimize the methods and to perform CSA detection as anomaly detection in an imbalanced data set. We evaluate the performance of all models on a database containing 7 days of data from 9 elderly patients. From the resulting 63 days, data from 7 patients (49 days) are devoted to training for optimizing hyperparameters, and data from 2 patients (14 days) are devoted to testing. Experimental results indicate that the best-performing model achieves an accuracy of 95.1% through training an BiLSTM network. Overall, the implemented deep learning methods achieve better performance than the conventional classification approach (SVM) and the simple threshold-based method, and show good potential for the use of PSM for practical unobtrusive monitoring of CSA.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9203807/Biomedical measurementdata analysisdeep learningmachine learningpatient monitoringpressure measurement
spellingShingle Hilda Azimi
Pengcheng Xi
Martin Bouchard
Rafik Goubran
Frank Knoefel
Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
IEEE Access
Biomedical measurement
data analysis
deep learning
machine learning
patient monitoring
pressure measurement
title Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
title_full Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
title_fullStr Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
title_full_unstemmed Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
title_short Machine Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Central Sleep Apnea Events From a Pressure Sensitive Mat
title_sort machine learning based automatic detection of central sleep apnea events from a pressure sensitive mat
topic Biomedical measurement
data analysis
deep learning
machine learning
patient monitoring
pressure measurement
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9203807/
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AT rafikgoubran machinelearningbasedautomaticdetectionofcentralsleepapneaeventsfromapressuresensitivemat
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