Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i>
Gibberellins (GAs) are an important group of phytohormones associated with diverse growth and developmental processes, including cell elongation, seed germination, and secondary growth. Recent genomic and genetic analyses have advanced our knowledge of GA signaling pathways and related genes in mode...
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2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8694 |
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| author | Chang Pyo Hong Jinsoo Kim Jinsu Lee Seung-il Yoo Wonsil Bae Kyoung Rok Geem Jin Yu Inbae Jang Ick Hyun Jo Hyunwoo Cho Donghwan Shim Hojin Ryu |
| author_facet | Chang Pyo Hong Jinsoo Kim Jinsu Lee Seung-il Yoo Wonsil Bae Kyoung Rok Geem Jin Yu Inbae Jang Ick Hyun Jo Hyunwoo Cho Donghwan Shim Hojin Ryu |
| author_sort | Chang Pyo Hong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gibberellins (GAs) are an important group of phytohormones associated with diverse growth and developmental processes, including cell elongation, seed germination, and secondary growth. Recent genomic and genetic analyses have advanced our knowledge of GA signaling pathways and related genes in model plant species. However, functional genomics analyses of GA signaling pathways in <i>Panax ginseng</i>, a perennial herb, have rarely been carried out, despite its well-known economical and medicinal importance. Here, we conducted functional characterization of GA receptors and investigated their physiological roles in the secondary growth of <i>P. ginseng</i> storage roots. We found that the physiological and genetic functions of <i>P. ginseng</i> gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1s (PgGID1s) have been evolutionarily conserved. Additionally, the essential domains and residues in the primary protein structure for interaction with active GAs and DELLA proteins are well-conserved. Overexpression of <i>PgGID1s</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> completely restored the GA deficient phenotype of the <i>Arabidopsis gid1a gid1c</i> (<i>atgid1a/c</i>) double mutant. Exogenous GA treatment greatly enhanced the secondary growth of tap roots; however, paclobutrazol (PCZ), a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, reduced root growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>. Transcriptome profiling of <i>P. ginseng</i> roots revealed that GA-induced root secondary growth is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and nitrate assimilation, suggesting that a transcriptional network regulate root secondary growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism controlling secondary root growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:44:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-645fddc3852a462f943c7160c0c8a7bd2023-11-22T07:59:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-08-012216869410.3390/ijms22168694Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i>Chang Pyo Hong0Jinsoo Kim1Jinsu Lee2Seung-il Yoo3Wonsil Bae4Kyoung Rok Geem5Jin Yu6Inbae Jang7Ick Hyun Jo8Hyunwoo Cho9Donghwan Shim10Hojin Ryu11Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaTheragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, KoreaDepartment of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, KoreaGibberellins (GAs) are an important group of phytohormones associated with diverse growth and developmental processes, including cell elongation, seed germination, and secondary growth. Recent genomic and genetic analyses have advanced our knowledge of GA signaling pathways and related genes in model plant species. However, functional genomics analyses of GA signaling pathways in <i>Panax ginseng</i>, a perennial herb, have rarely been carried out, despite its well-known economical and medicinal importance. Here, we conducted functional characterization of GA receptors and investigated their physiological roles in the secondary growth of <i>P. ginseng</i> storage roots. We found that the physiological and genetic functions of <i>P. ginseng</i> gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1s (PgGID1s) have been evolutionarily conserved. Additionally, the essential domains and residues in the primary protein structure for interaction with active GAs and DELLA proteins are well-conserved. Overexpression of <i>PgGID1s</i> in <i>Arabidopsis</i> completely restored the GA deficient phenotype of the <i>Arabidopsis gid1a gid1c</i> (<i>atgid1a/c</i>) double mutant. Exogenous GA treatment greatly enhanced the secondary growth of tap roots; however, paclobutrazol (PCZ), a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, reduced root growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>. Transcriptome profiling of <i>P. ginseng</i> roots revealed that GA-induced root secondary growth is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and nitrate assimilation, suggesting that a transcriptional network regulate root secondary growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism controlling secondary root growth in <i>P. ginseng</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8694gibberellins<i>Panax ginseng</i>GID1sphytohormonesstorage root secondary growthcell wall biogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Chang Pyo Hong Jinsoo Kim Jinsu Lee Seung-il Yoo Wonsil Bae Kyoung Rok Geem Jin Yu Inbae Jang Ick Hyun Jo Hyunwoo Cho Donghwan Shim Hojin Ryu Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences gibberellins <i>Panax ginseng</i> GID1s phytohormones storage root secondary growth cell wall biogenesis |
| title | Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_full | Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_fullStr | Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_short | Gibberellin Signaling Promotes the Secondary Growth of Storage Roots in <i>Panax ginseng</i> |
| title_sort | gibberellin signaling promotes the secondary growth of storage roots in i panax ginseng i |
| topic | gibberellins <i>Panax ginseng</i> GID1s phytohormones storage root secondary growth cell wall biogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8694 |
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