New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers
The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytolog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6339 |
| _version_ | 1797506309408423936 |
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| author | Jitka Holcakova Martin Bartosik Milan Anton Lubos Minar Jitka Hausnerova Marketa Bednarikova Vit Weinberger Roman Hrstka |
| author_facet | Jitka Holcakova Martin Bartosik Milan Anton Lubos Minar Jitka Hausnerova Marketa Bednarikova Vit Weinberger Roman Hrstka |
| author_sort | Jitka Holcakova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:31:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6462569efdf74d2db28fb959e51cda1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:31:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-6462569efdf74d2db28fb959e51cda1f2023-11-23T04:07:24ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-12-011324633910.3390/cancers13246339New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage CancersJitka Holcakova0Martin Bartosik1Milan Anton2Lubos Minar3Jitka Hausnerova4Marketa Bednarikova5Vit Weinberger6Roman Hrstka7Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech RepublicResearch Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech RepublicResearch Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech RepublicThe prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6339cervical cancerendometrial cancerovarian cancerprecancerliquid biopsy |
| spellingShingle | Jitka Holcakova Martin Bartosik Milan Anton Lubos Minar Jitka Hausnerova Marketa Bednarikova Vit Weinberger Roman Hrstka New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers Cancers cervical cancer endometrial cancer ovarian cancer precancer liquid biopsy |
| title | New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers |
| title_full | New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers |
| title_fullStr | New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers |
| title_short | New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers |
| title_sort | new trends in the detection of gynecological precancerous lesions and early stage cancers |
| topic | cervical cancer endometrial cancer ovarian cancer precancer liquid biopsy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/24/6339 |
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