Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium
Nano‐/microparticles of gallium (Ga), as a low‐melting‐point metal, are extensively used in the fields of soft electronics and sensors to provide thermal and electrical conductivity. However, a passivating oxide layer can be formed on the surface of Ga nano‐/microparticles during the synthesis proce...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Advanced Intelligent Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200364 |
| _version_ | 1827943933180641280 |
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| author | Shih-Hao Chiu Mahroo Baharfar Yuan Chi Moonika Sari Widjajana Zhenbang Cao Francois-Marie Allioux Jianbo Tang Md. Arifur Rahim Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh |
| author_facet | Shih-Hao Chiu Mahroo Baharfar Yuan Chi Moonika Sari Widjajana Zhenbang Cao Francois-Marie Allioux Jianbo Tang Md. Arifur Rahim Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh |
| author_sort | Shih-Hao Chiu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nano‐/microparticles of gallium (Ga), as a low‐melting‐point metal, are extensively used in the fields of soft electronics and sensors to provide thermal and electrical conductivity. However, a passivating oxide layer can be formed on the surface of Ga nano‐/microparticles during the synthesis process. This oxide layer is removed by a secondary sintering step, especially mechanical sintering, which is generally not a controllable process, and compromises the integrity of the system. Herein, thiol molecules, 1‐butanethiol, thiophenol, and 4‐mercaptopyridine, that can functionalize the surface of Ga via sonication to reduce the oxidation of Ga surface are used. The resulting particles exhibit electrical conductivity based on metal–molecule junctions without the requirement for a sintering step. In particular, 4‐mercaptopyridine functionalized, thiolated Ga particles exhibit higher electrical conductivity compared to the other three thiolated Ga systems as the organic material conjugation provides conductive pathways for the mix. Subsequently, using these particle systems, soft devices are developed that can be used for gas, exhalation, and flex sensing. This study provides insights into the possibility of creating combinations of organic molecules with liquid metal‐based nano‐/microparticles to generate electrically conductive mixes and the prospects of fabricating multifunctional sensors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:22:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-646c3454c8a144dda92eb431f6890883 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2640-4567 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:22:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Intelligent Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-646c3454c8a144dda92eb431f68908832023-05-20T03:54:51ZengWileyAdvanced Intelligent Systems2640-45672023-05-0155n/an/a10.1002/aisy.202200364Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of GalliumShih-Hao Chiu0Mahroo Baharfar1Yuan Chi2Moonika Sari Widjajana3Zhenbang Cao4Francois-Marie Allioux5Jianbo Tang6Md. Arifur Rahim7Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh8School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaSchool of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AustraliaNano‐/microparticles of gallium (Ga), as a low‐melting‐point metal, are extensively used in the fields of soft electronics and sensors to provide thermal and electrical conductivity. However, a passivating oxide layer can be formed on the surface of Ga nano‐/microparticles during the synthesis process. This oxide layer is removed by a secondary sintering step, especially mechanical sintering, which is generally not a controllable process, and compromises the integrity of the system. Herein, thiol molecules, 1‐butanethiol, thiophenol, and 4‐mercaptopyridine, that can functionalize the surface of Ga via sonication to reduce the oxidation of Ga surface are used. The resulting particles exhibit electrical conductivity based on metal–molecule junctions without the requirement for a sintering step. In particular, 4‐mercaptopyridine functionalized, thiolated Ga particles exhibit higher electrical conductivity compared to the other three thiolated Ga systems as the organic material conjugation provides conductive pathways for the mix. Subsequently, using these particle systems, soft devices are developed that can be used for gas, exhalation, and flex sensing. This study provides insights into the possibility of creating combinations of organic molecules with liquid metal‐based nano‐/microparticles to generate electrically conductive mixes and the prospects of fabricating multifunctional sensors.https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200364chemical conjugationsconductivityliquid metalssoft sensorsthiol molecules |
| spellingShingle | Shih-Hao Chiu Mahroo Baharfar Yuan Chi Moonika Sari Widjajana Zhenbang Cao Francois-Marie Allioux Jianbo Tang Md. Arifur Rahim Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium Advanced Intelligent Systems chemical conjugations conductivity liquid metals soft sensors thiol molecules |
| title | Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium |
| title_full | Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium |
| title_short | Exploring Electrical Conductivity of Thiolated Micro‐ and Nanoparticles of Gallium |
| title_sort | exploring electrical conductivity of thiolated micro and nanoparticles of gallium |
| topic | chemical conjugations conductivity liquid metals soft sensors thiol molecules |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200364 |
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