Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review
<p>One of the most important processes in the global mercury (Hg) biogeochemical cycling is the deposition of atmospheric Hg, including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM), to the land surfaces. Results of wet, dry, and forest Hg...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-12-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/15587/2019/acp-19-15587-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818864161422049280 |
|---|---|
| author | L. Zhang L. Zhang P. Zhou S. Cao Y. Zhao Y. Zhao |
| author_facet | L. Zhang L. Zhang P. Zhou S. Cao Y. Zhao Y. Zhao |
| author_sort | L. Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>One of the most important processes in the global mercury (Hg)
biogeochemical cycling is the deposition of atmospheric Hg, including
gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and
particulate-bound mercury (PBM), to the land surfaces. Results of wet, dry,
and forest Hg deposition from global observation networks, individual
monitoring studies, and observation-based simulations have been reviewed in
this study. Uncertainties in the observation and simulation of global
speciated atmospheric Hg deposition to the land surfaces have been
systemically estimated based on assessment of commonly used observation
methods, campaign results for comparison of different methods, model
evaluation with observation data, and sensitivity analysis for model
parameterization. The uncertainties of GOM and PBM dry deposition
measurements come from the interference of unwanted Hg forms or incomplete
capture of targeted Hg forms, while that of GEM dry deposition observation
originates from the lack of a standardized experimental system and operating
procedure. The large biases in the measurements of GOM and PBM concentrations
and the high sensitivities of key parameters in resistance models lead to
high uncertainties in GOM and PBM dry deposition simulation.
Non-precipitation Hg wet deposition could play a crucial role in alpine and
coastal regions, and its high uncertainties in both observation and
simulation affect the overall uncertainties of Hg wet deposition. The
overall uncertainties in the observation and simulation of the total global
Hg deposition were estimated to be <span class="inline-formula">±</span> (25–50) % and <span class="inline-formula">±</span>
(45–70) %, respectively, with the largest contributions from dry
deposition. According to the results from uncertainty analysis, future
research needs were recommended, among which a global Hg dry deposition
network, unified methods for GOM and PBM dry deposition measurements,
quantitative methods for GOM speciation, campaigns for comprehensive forest
Hg behavior, and more efforts in long-term Hg deposition monitoring in Asia
are the top priorities.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:27:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-647ded6c3e834034abf62f2d92d00b29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:27:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-647ded6c3e834034abf62f2d92d00b292022-12-21T20:25:52ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242019-12-0119155871560810.5194/acp-19-15587-2019Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical reviewL. Zhang0L. Zhang1P. Zhou2S. Cao3Y. Zhao4Y. Zhao5School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaSchool of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaSchool of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaSchool of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China<p>One of the most important processes in the global mercury (Hg) biogeochemical cycling is the deposition of atmospheric Hg, including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM), to the land surfaces. Results of wet, dry, and forest Hg deposition from global observation networks, individual monitoring studies, and observation-based simulations have been reviewed in this study. Uncertainties in the observation and simulation of global speciated atmospheric Hg deposition to the land surfaces have been systemically estimated based on assessment of commonly used observation methods, campaign results for comparison of different methods, model evaluation with observation data, and sensitivity analysis for model parameterization. The uncertainties of GOM and PBM dry deposition measurements come from the interference of unwanted Hg forms or incomplete capture of targeted Hg forms, while that of GEM dry deposition observation originates from the lack of a standardized experimental system and operating procedure. The large biases in the measurements of GOM and PBM concentrations and the high sensitivities of key parameters in resistance models lead to high uncertainties in GOM and PBM dry deposition simulation. Non-precipitation Hg wet deposition could play a crucial role in alpine and coastal regions, and its high uncertainties in both observation and simulation affect the overall uncertainties of Hg wet deposition. The overall uncertainties in the observation and simulation of the total global Hg deposition were estimated to be <span class="inline-formula">±</span> (25–50) % and <span class="inline-formula">±</span> (45–70) %, respectively, with the largest contributions from dry deposition. According to the results from uncertainty analysis, future research needs were recommended, among which a global Hg dry deposition network, unified methods for GOM and PBM dry deposition measurements, quantitative methods for GOM speciation, campaigns for comprehensive forest Hg behavior, and more efforts in long-term Hg deposition monitoring in Asia are the top priorities.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/15587/2019/acp-19-15587-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Zhang L. Zhang P. Zhou S. Cao Y. Zhao Y. Zhao Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review |
| title_full | Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review |
| title_short | Atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations: a critical review |
| title_sort | atmospheric mercury deposition over the land surfaces and the associated uncertainties in observations and simulations a critical review |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/15587/2019/acp-19-15587-2019.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lzhang atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview AT lzhang atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview AT pzhou atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview AT scao atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview AT yzhao atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview AT yzhao atmosphericmercurydepositionoverthelandsurfacesandtheassociateduncertaintiesinobservationsandsimulationsacriticalreview |