3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures
Bioprinting is an acclaimed technique that allows the scaling of 3D architectures in an organized pattern but suffers from a scarcity of appropriate bioinks. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from xenogeneic species has garnered support as a biomaterial to promote tissue-specific regenerati...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/7/521 |
| _version_ | 1797433787579105280 |
|---|---|
| author | Vamakshi Khati Harisha Ramachandraiah Falguni Pati Helene A. Svahn Giulia Gaudenzi Aman Russom |
| author_facet | Vamakshi Khati Harisha Ramachandraiah Falguni Pati Helene A. Svahn Giulia Gaudenzi Aman Russom |
| author_sort | Vamakshi Khati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioprinting is an acclaimed technique that allows the scaling of 3D architectures in an organized pattern but suffers from a scarcity of appropriate bioinks. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from xenogeneic species has garnered support as a biomaterial to promote tissue-specific regeneration and repair. The prospect of developing dECM-based 3D artificial tissue is impeded by its inherent low mechanical properties. In recent years, 3D bioprinting of dECM-based bioinks modified with additional scaffolds has advanced the development of load-bearing constructs. However, previous attempts using dECM were limited to low-temperature bioprinting, which is not favorable for a longer print duration with cells. Here, we report the development of a multi-material decellularized liver matrix (dLM) bioink reinforced with gelatin and polyethylene glycol to improve rheology, extrudability, and mechanical stability. This shear-thinning bioink facilitated extrusion-based bioprinting at 37 °C with HepG2 cells into a 3D grid structure with a further enhancement for long-term applications by enzymatic crosslinking with mushroom tyrosinase. The heavily crosslinked structure showed a 16-fold increase in viscosity (2.73 Pa s<sup>−1</sup>) and a 32-fold increase in storage modulus from the non-crosslinked dLM while retaining high cell viability (85–93%) and liver-specific functions. Our results show that the cytocompatible crosslinking of dLM bioink at physiological temperatures has promising applications for extended 3D-printing procedures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6480f2e993364679a633a036f85eaf9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6480f2e993364679a633a036f85eaf9f2023-12-01T21:57:09ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742022-07-0112752110.3390/bios120705213D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological TemperaturesVamakshi Khati0Harisha Ramachandraiah1Falguni Pati2Helene A. Svahn3Giulia Gaudenzi4Aman Russom5Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, SwedenBiopromic AB, 17165 Solna, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, IndiaScience for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, SwedenScience for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, SwedenScience for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, SwedenBioprinting is an acclaimed technique that allows the scaling of 3D architectures in an organized pattern but suffers from a scarcity of appropriate bioinks. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from xenogeneic species has garnered support as a biomaterial to promote tissue-specific regeneration and repair. The prospect of developing dECM-based 3D artificial tissue is impeded by its inherent low mechanical properties. In recent years, 3D bioprinting of dECM-based bioinks modified with additional scaffolds has advanced the development of load-bearing constructs. However, previous attempts using dECM were limited to low-temperature bioprinting, which is not favorable for a longer print duration with cells. Here, we report the development of a multi-material decellularized liver matrix (dLM) bioink reinforced with gelatin and polyethylene glycol to improve rheology, extrudability, and mechanical stability. This shear-thinning bioink facilitated extrusion-based bioprinting at 37 °C with HepG2 cells into a 3D grid structure with a further enhancement for long-term applications by enzymatic crosslinking with mushroom tyrosinase. The heavily crosslinked structure showed a 16-fold increase in viscosity (2.73 Pa s<sup>−1</sup>) and a 32-fold increase in storage modulus from the non-crosslinked dLM while retaining high cell viability (85–93%) and liver-specific functions. Our results show that the cytocompatible crosslinking of dLM bioink at physiological temperatures has promising applications for extended 3D-printing procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/7/521decellularized liver matrix bioinkbioprinting at physiological temperaturescytocompatible crosslinkingrobust bioinkviscoelasticity |
| spellingShingle | Vamakshi Khati Harisha Ramachandraiah Falguni Pati Helene A. Svahn Giulia Gaudenzi Aman Russom 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures Biosensors decellularized liver matrix bioink bioprinting at physiological temperatures cytocompatible crosslinking robust bioink viscoelasticity |
| title | 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures |
| title_full | 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures |
| title_short | 3D Bioprinting of Multi-Material Decellularized Liver Matrix Hydrogel at Physiological Temperatures |
| title_sort | 3d bioprinting of multi material decellularized liver matrix hydrogel at physiological temperatures |
| topic | decellularized liver matrix bioink bioprinting at physiological temperatures cytocompatible crosslinking robust bioink viscoelasticity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/7/521 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vamakshikhati 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures AT harisharamachandraiah 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures AT falgunipati 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures AT heleneasvahn 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures AT giuliagaudenzi 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures AT amanrussom 3dbioprintingofmultimaterialdecellularizedlivermatrixhydrogelatphysiologicaltemperatures |