Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Disturbance of the brain homeostasis, either directly via the formation of abnormal proteins or cerebral hypo-perfusion, or indirectly via peripheral inflammation, will activate microglia to synthesise a variety of pro-inflammatory agents which may lead to inflammation and cell death. The pro-inflam...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7267 |
| _version_ | 1797479654238453760 |
|---|---|
| author | Roberta J. Ward David T. Dexter Robert R. Crichton |
| author_facet | Roberta J. Ward David T. Dexter Robert R. Crichton |
| author_sort | Roberta J. Ward |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Disturbance of the brain homeostasis, either directly via the formation of abnormal proteins or cerebral hypo-perfusion, or indirectly via peripheral inflammation, will activate microglia to synthesise a variety of pro-inflammatory agents which may lead to inflammation and cell death. The pro-inflammatory cytokines will induce changes in the iron proteins responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis, such that increased amounts of iron will be deposited in cells in the brain. The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which is directly involved in the inflammatory process, can significantly affect iron metabolism via their interaction with iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs). This underlies the importance of ensuring that iron is maintained in a form that can be kept under control; hence, the elegant mechanisms which have become increasingly well understood for regulating iron homeostasis. Therapeutic approaches to minimise the toxicity of iron include N-acetyl cysteine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds and iron chelation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-648481e5abe547e592201e343accc380 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-648481e5abe547e592201e343accc3802023-11-23T20:10:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012313726710.3390/ijms23137267Iron, Neuroinflammation and NeurodegenerationRoberta J. Ward0David T. Dexter1Robert R. Crichton2Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UKSchool of Chemistry, University Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumDisturbance of the brain homeostasis, either directly via the formation of abnormal proteins or cerebral hypo-perfusion, or indirectly via peripheral inflammation, will activate microglia to synthesise a variety of pro-inflammatory agents which may lead to inflammation and cell death. The pro-inflammatory cytokines will induce changes in the iron proteins responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis, such that increased amounts of iron will be deposited in cells in the brain. The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which is directly involved in the inflammatory process, can significantly affect iron metabolism via their interaction with iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs). This underlies the importance of ensuring that iron is maintained in a form that can be kept under control; hence, the elegant mechanisms which have become increasingly well understood for regulating iron homeostasis. Therapeutic approaches to minimise the toxicity of iron include N-acetyl cysteine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds and iron chelation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7267neuroinflammationiron homeostasismicrogliaastrocytesiron |
| spellingShingle | Roberta J. Ward David T. Dexter Robert R. Crichton Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences neuroinflammation iron homeostasis microglia astrocytes iron |
| title | Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Iron, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | iron neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration |
| topic | neuroinflammation iron homeostasis microglia astrocytes iron |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/7267 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertajward ironneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT davidtdexter ironneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT robertrcrichton ironneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration |