Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant
Objectives: Breast density is considered an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the percent breast density (PBD) and the mammary glands volume (MGV) according to the patient’s age and breast quadrant. We propose a regression model t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3343 |
| _version_ | 1797632064530415616 |
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| author | Sojin Shim Jan Unkelbach Anna Landsmann Andreas Boss |
| author_facet | Sojin Shim Jan Unkelbach Anna Landsmann Andreas Boss |
| author_sort | Sojin Shim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Breast density is considered an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the percent breast density (PBD) and the mammary glands volume (MGV) according to the patient’s age and breast quadrant. We propose a regression model to estimate PBD and MGV as a function of the patient’s age. Methods: The breast composition in 1027 spiral breast CT (BCT) datasets without soft tissue masses, calcifications, or implants from 517 women (57 ± 8 years) were segmented. The breast tissue volume (BTV), MGV, and PBD of the breasts were measured in the entire breast and each of the four quadrants. The three breast composition features were analyzed in the seven age groups, from 40 to 74 years in 5-year intervals. A logarithmic model was fitted to the BTV, and a multiplicative inverse model to the MGV and PBD as a function of age was established using a least-squares method. Results: The BTV increased from 545 ± 345 to 676 ± 412 cm<sup>3</sup>, and the MGV and PBD decreased from 111 ± 164 to 57 ± 43 cm<sup>3</sup> and from 21 ± 21 to 11 ± 9%, respectively, from the youngest to the oldest group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The average PBD over all ages were 14 ± 13%. The regression models could predict the BTV, MGV, and PBD based on the patient’s age with residual standard errors of 386 cm<sup>3</sup>, 67 cm<sup>3</sup>, and 13%, respectively. The reduction in MGV and PBD in each quadrant followed the ones in the entire breast. Conclusions: The PBD and MGV computed from BCT examinations provide important information for breast cancer risk assessment in women. The study quantified the breast mammary gland reduction and density decrease over the entire breast. It established mathematical models to estimate the breast composition features—BTV, MGV, and PBD, as a function of the patient’s age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64956b0d10ff4f769dfa7be6ddbf1834 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-64956b0d10ff4f769dfa7be6ddbf18342023-11-10T15:01:02ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-10-011321334310.3390/diagnostics13213343Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast QuadrantSojin Shim0Jan Unkelbach1Anna Landsmann2Andreas Boss3Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandObjectives: Breast density is considered an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the percent breast density (PBD) and the mammary glands volume (MGV) according to the patient’s age and breast quadrant. We propose a regression model to estimate PBD and MGV as a function of the patient’s age. Methods: The breast composition in 1027 spiral breast CT (BCT) datasets without soft tissue masses, calcifications, or implants from 517 women (57 ± 8 years) were segmented. The breast tissue volume (BTV), MGV, and PBD of the breasts were measured in the entire breast and each of the four quadrants. The three breast composition features were analyzed in the seven age groups, from 40 to 74 years in 5-year intervals. A logarithmic model was fitted to the BTV, and a multiplicative inverse model to the MGV and PBD as a function of age was established using a least-squares method. Results: The BTV increased from 545 ± 345 to 676 ± 412 cm<sup>3</sup>, and the MGV and PBD decreased from 111 ± 164 to 57 ± 43 cm<sup>3</sup> and from 21 ± 21 to 11 ± 9%, respectively, from the youngest to the oldest group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The average PBD over all ages were 14 ± 13%. The regression models could predict the BTV, MGV, and PBD based on the patient’s age with residual standard errors of 386 cm<sup>3</sup>, 67 cm<sup>3</sup>, and 13%, respectively. The reduction in MGV and PBD in each quadrant followed the ones in the entire breast. Conclusions: The PBD and MGV computed from BCT examinations provide important information for breast cancer risk assessment in women. The study quantified the breast mammary gland reduction and density decrease over the entire breast. It established mathematical models to estimate the breast composition features—BTV, MGV, and PBD, as a function of the patient’s age.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3343breastbreast CTbreast densitymammary glands |
| spellingShingle | Sojin Shim Jan Unkelbach Anna Landsmann Andreas Boss Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant Diagnostics breast breast CT breast density mammary glands |
| title | Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant |
| title_full | Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant |
| title_short | Quantitative Study on the Breast Density and the Volume of the Mammary Gland According to the Patient’s Age and Breast Quadrant |
| title_sort | quantitative study on the breast density and the volume of the mammary gland according to the patient s age and breast quadrant |
| topic | breast breast CT breast density mammary glands |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/21/3343 |
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