Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise
Isolation is stressful and negatively affects sleep and mood and might also affect the structure and function of the brain. Physical exercise improves brain function. We investigated the influence of physical exercise during isolation on sleep, affect, and neurobehavioral function. N = 16 were isola...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.903072/full |
| _version_ | 1811175339953487872 |
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| author | Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Leonard Braunsmann Jessica Koschate Uwe Hoffmann Tina Foitschik Stephanie Krieger Brian Crucian Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Vera Abeln Vera Abeln |
| author_facet | Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Leonard Braunsmann Jessica Koschate Uwe Hoffmann Tina Foitschik Stephanie Krieger Brian Crucian Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Vera Abeln Vera Abeln |
| author_sort | Timo Klein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Isolation is stressful and negatively affects sleep and mood and might also affect the structure and function of the brain. Physical exercise improves brain function. We investigated the influence of physical exercise during isolation on sleep, affect, and neurobehavioral function. N = 16 were isolated for 30 days with daily exercise routines (ISO100) and n = 16 isolated for 45 days with every second day exercise (ISO50). N = 27 were non-isolated controls who either exercised on a daily basis (CTRLEx) or refused exercise (CTRLNonEx) for 30 days. At the beginning and the end of each intervention, intravenous morning cortisol, melatonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and IGF-1, positive and negative affect scales, electroencephalography, cognitive function, and sleep patterns (actigraphy) were assessed. High levels of cortisol were observed for the isolated groups (p < .05) without negative effects on the brain, cognitive function, sleep, and mood after 4 to 6 weeks of isolation, where physical exercise was performed regularly. An increase in cortisol and impairments of sleep quality, mood, cognitive function, and neurotrophic factors (p < .05) were observed after 4 weeks of absence of physical exercise in the CTRLNonEx group. These findings raise the assumption that regular physical exercise routines are a key component during isolation to maintain brain health and function. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:35:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6495fd5942524dc6811291617e0dcf5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:35:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6495fd5942524dc6811291617e0dcf5c2023-01-30T07:25:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2023-01-011410.3389/fphys.2023.903072903072Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exerciseTimo Klein0Timo Klein1Timo Klein2Timo Klein3Leonard Braunsmann4Jessica Koschate5Uwe Hoffmann6Tina Foitschik7Stephanie Krieger8Brian Crucian9Stefan Schneider10Stefan Schneider11Stefan Schneider12Vera Abeln13Vera Abeln14Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyUniversity of Rostock, Institute of Sport Science, Rostock, GermanyCentre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyVasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, AustraliaInstitute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyGeriatric Medicine, Department for Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Cologne, GermanyCentre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyInstitute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyKBR, Houston, TX, United StatesNASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United StatesInstitute of Movement and Neurosciences, Center for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanySchool of Maritime Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada0Faculty for Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, AustraliaInstitute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyCentre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space (CHIPS), German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, GermanyIsolation is stressful and negatively affects sleep and mood and might also affect the structure and function of the brain. Physical exercise improves brain function. We investigated the influence of physical exercise during isolation on sleep, affect, and neurobehavioral function. N = 16 were isolated for 30 days with daily exercise routines (ISO100) and n = 16 isolated for 45 days with every second day exercise (ISO50). N = 27 were non-isolated controls who either exercised on a daily basis (CTRLEx) or refused exercise (CTRLNonEx) for 30 days. At the beginning and the end of each intervention, intravenous morning cortisol, melatonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and IGF-1, positive and negative affect scales, electroencephalography, cognitive function, and sleep patterns (actigraphy) were assessed. High levels of cortisol were observed for the isolated groups (p < .05) without negative effects on the brain, cognitive function, sleep, and mood after 4 to 6 weeks of isolation, where physical exercise was performed regularly. An increase in cortisol and impairments of sleep quality, mood, cognitive function, and neurotrophic factors (p < .05) were observed after 4 weeks of absence of physical exercise in the CTRLNonEx group. These findings raise the assumption that regular physical exercise routines are a key component during isolation to maintain brain health and function.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.903072/fullconfinementmental healthcortisolstressneurotrophic factorsphysical activity |
| spellingShingle | Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Timo Klein Leonard Braunsmann Jessica Koschate Uwe Hoffmann Tina Foitschik Stephanie Krieger Brian Crucian Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Stefan Schneider Vera Abeln Vera Abeln Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise Frontiers in Physiology confinement mental health cortisol stress neurotrophic factors physical activity |
| title | Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise |
| title_full | Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise |
| title_fullStr | Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise |
| title_short | Short-term isolation effects on the brain, cognitive performance, and sleep—The role of exercise |
| title_sort | short term isolation effects on the brain cognitive performance and sleep the role of exercise |
| topic | confinement mental health cortisol stress neurotrophic factors physical activity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.903072/full |
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