Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale
Abstract Two series of cellulose-based antiscalants with different chain architectures, i.e., linear carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and branch-shaped carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (CMC-g-PAA), were synthesized. The carboxyl groups were distributed on CMC backbone but mainly on the...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78408-w |
| _version_ | 1818845087093751808 |
|---|---|
| author | Wei Yu Hu Yang |
| author_facet | Wei Yu Hu Yang |
| author_sort | Wei Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Two series of cellulose-based antiscalants with different chain architectures, i.e., linear carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and branch-shaped carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (CMC-g-PAA), were synthesized. The carboxyl groups were distributed on CMC backbone but mainly on the grafted chains of CMC-g-PAA. The addition of CMC and CMC-g-PAA can both increase the surface energy of CaCO3 scale and decrease its crystal nucleation rate, thereby inhibiting CaCO3 scale formation. The structural effects of these cellulose-based antiscalants, especially the chain architectures, on the scale inhibition were investigated in detail. High degree of carboxymethyl substitution caused better inhibition effect of linear CMC. However, CMC-g-PAA with an appropriate content of carboxyl groups but high average number of PAA grafted chains can achieve high inhibition performance. Besides, with similar contents of carboxyl groups, CMC-g-PAA showed much better inhibition performance than CMC due to the distinct multi-dimensional spatial structure of graft copolymer in solution, causing the enhanced chelation and dispersion effects. Characterization of CaCO3 crystal by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that crystal distortion effect obviously existed in CMC but quite minor in CMC-g-PAA. The differences between the scale-inhibition performance of CMC and CMC-g-PAA should be attributed to the different scale-inhibition mechanisms originated in their distinct chain architectures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:24:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6497c5d98fb94148accc985dfc0122d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:24:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6497c5d98fb94148accc985dfc0122d92022-12-21T20:34:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222020-12-0110111510.1038/s41598-020-78408-wChain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scaleWei Yu0Hu Yang1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Two series of cellulose-based antiscalants with different chain architectures, i.e., linear carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and branch-shaped carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (CMC-g-PAA), were synthesized. The carboxyl groups were distributed on CMC backbone but mainly on the grafted chains of CMC-g-PAA. The addition of CMC and CMC-g-PAA can both increase the surface energy of CaCO3 scale and decrease its crystal nucleation rate, thereby inhibiting CaCO3 scale formation. The structural effects of these cellulose-based antiscalants, especially the chain architectures, on the scale inhibition were investigated in detail. High degree of carboxymethyl substitution caused better inhibition effect of linear CMC. However, CMC-g-PAA with an appropriate content of carboxyl groups but high average number of PAA grafted chains can achieve high inhibition performance. Besides, with similar contents of carboxyl groups, CMC-g-PAA showed much better inhibition performance than CMC due to the distinct multi-dimensional spatial structure of graft copolymer in solution, causing the enhanced chelation and dispersion effects. Characterization of CaCO3 crystal by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that crystal distortion effect obviously existed in CMC but quite minor in CMC-g-PAA. The differences between the scale-inhibition performance of CMC and CMC-g-PAA should be attributed to the different scale-inhibition mechanisms originated in their distinct chain architectures.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78408-w |
| spellingShingle | Wei Yu Hu Yang Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale Scientific Reports |
| title | Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| title_full | Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| title_fullStr | Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| title_short | Chain architectures of various cellulose-based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| title_sort | chain architectures of various cellulose based antiscalants on the inhibition of calcium carbonate scale |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78408-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weiyu chainarchitecturesofvariouscellulosebasedantiscalantsontheinhibitionofcalciumcarbonatescale AT huyang chainarchitecturesofvariouscellulosebasedantiscalantsontheinhibitionofcalciumcarbonatescale |