Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers
Individuals with schizophrenia have reduced rates of physical activity, yet substantial proportions do engage in independent and regular exercise. Previous studies have shown improvement in symptoms and cognitive function in response to supervised exercise programs in people with schizophrenia. Ther...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00596/full |
| _version_ | 1818153574987726848 |
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| author | Patrick A. Ho Danielle N. Dahle Douglas L. Noordsy |
| author_facet | Patrick A. Ho Danielle N. Dahle Douglas L. Noordsy |
| author_sort | Patrick A. Ho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Individuals with schizophrenia have reduced rates of physical activity, yet substantial proportions do engage in independent and regular exercise. Previous studies have shown improvement in symptoms and cognitive function in response to supervised exercise programs in people with schizophrenia. There is little data on motivations of individuals who exercise independently, or their chosen type, duration, or setting of exercise. This study explores motivational parameters and subjective experiences associated with sustained, independent exercise in outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Participants completed a semi-structured interview and then were given a prospective survey containing visual analog scales of symptom severity and the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scales to complete immediately before and after three sessions of exercise. Results from the semi-structured interview were analyzed by modified content analysis. The most important reason for exercise was self-image, followed closely by psychological and physical health. Among psychological effects, participants reported exercise was most helpful for mood and cognitive symptoms. The prospective ratings demonstrated 10–15% average improvements in global well-being, energy, and negative, cognitive and mood symptoms, with almost no change in psychosis, after individual exercise sessions. This suggests that non-psychotic parameters are more susceptible to inter-session decay of exercise effects, which may reinforce continued exercise participation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:12:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-649b6ae70f154922864b19686fc61934 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:12:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-649b6ae70f154922864b19686fc619342022-12-22T01:03:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402018-11-01910.3389/fpsyt.2018.00596416324Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular ExercisersPatrick A. Ho0Danielle N. Dahle1Douglas L. Noordsy2Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United StatesHarvard Medical School, Division of Psychotic Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United StatesIndividuals with schizophrenia have reduced rates of physical activity, yet substantial proportions do engage in independent and regular exercise. Previous studies have shown improvement in symptoms and cognitive function in response to supervised exercise programs in people with schizophrenia. There is little data on motivations of individuals who exercise independently, or their chosen type, duration, or setting of exercise. This study explores motivational parameters and subjective experiences associated with sustained, independent exercise in outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Participants completed a semi-structured interview and then were given a prospective survey containing visual analog scales of symptom severity and the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scales to complete immediately before and after three sessions of exercise. Results from the semi-structured interview were analyzed by modified content analysis. The most important reason for exercise was self-image, followed closely by psychological and physical health. Among psychological effects, participants reported exercise was most helpful for mood and cognitive symptoms. The prospective ratings demonstrated 10–15% average improvements in global well-being, energy, and negative, cognitive and mood symptoms, with almost no change in psychosis, after individual exercise sessions. This suggests that non-psychotic parameters are more susceptible to inter-session decay of exercise effects, which may reinforce continued exercise participation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00596/fullschizophreniaexerciselifestyle psychiatrypsychiatrycommunity dwelling adults with schizophreniaqualitative analysis |
| spellingShingle | Patrick A. Ho Danielle N. Dahle Douglas L. Noordsy Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers Frontiers in Psychiatry schizophrenia exercise lifestyle psychiatry psychiatry community dwelling adults with schizophrenia qualitative analysis |
| title | Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers |
| title_full | Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers |
| title_fullStr | Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers |
| title_short | Why Do People With Schizophrenia Exercise? A Mixed Methods Analysis Among Community Dwelling Regular Exercisers |
| title_sort | why do people with schizophrenia exercise a mixed methods analysis among community dwelling regular exercisers |
| topic | schizophrenia exercise lifestyle psychiatry psychiatry community dwelling adults with schizophrenia qualitative analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00596/full |
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