APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases.
BACKGROUND:Increasing age is associated with elevated risk of non-communicable diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a risk factor not only for AD, but also for cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, stroke, hypertension, coronary h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4863969?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811259298729164800 |
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| author | Kaoru Midorikawa Douangdao Soukaloun Kongsap Akkhavong Bouavanh Southivong Oudayvone Rattanavong Vikham Sengkhygnavong Amphay Pyaluanglath Saymongkhonh Sayasithsena Satoshi Nakamura Yutaka Midorikawa Mariko Murata |
| author_facet | Kaoru Midorikawa Douangdao Soukaloun Kongsap Akkhavong Bouavanh Southivong Oudayvone Rattanavong Vikham Sengkhygnavong Amphay Pyaluanglath Saymongkhonh Sayasithsena Satoshi Nakamura Yutaka Midorikawa Mariko Murata |
| author_sort | Kaoru Midorikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:Increasing age is associated with elevated risk of non-communicable diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a risk factor not only for AD, but also for cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, stroke, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is undergoing development; consequently, life expectancy has risen. To evaluate the future risk of non-communicable diseases, we investigated APOE genotypes and anthropometric characteristics in the Laotian population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Subjects were 455 members of the Lao Loum majority and 354 members of ethnic minorities. APOE genotypes, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and blood glucose were recorded. To compare individual changes, health examination data collected 5 years apart were obtained from a subset of Lao Loum subjects. APOE ε4 allele frequencies were higher among minorities (31.3%) than among Lao Loum (12.6%). In Lao Loum, but not in minorities, mean waist circumference and blood pressure increased significantly across age groups. Comparisons of health conditions between the beginning and end of the 5-year period revealed significant increases in obesity and blood glucose levels in Lao Loum. APOE ε4 carriers exhibited significant increases in resting heart rate in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:A higher ε4 allele frequency was observed in Laotian minorities than in the Laotian majority. Furthermore, higher obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose were observed in the middle-aged ethnic majority. Therefore, given these genetic and non-communicable disease risk factors, it seems likely that as the Laotian population ages, elevated rates of non-communicable aging-related diseases, such as dementia, will also become more prevalent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:28:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-649f4fac24244ba8b6715f539e7f2681 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:28:06Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-649f4fac24244ba8b6715f539e7f26812022-12-22T03:21:09ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01115e015507210.1371/journal.pone.0155072APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases.Kaoru MidorikawaDouangdao SoukalounKongsap AkkhavongBouavanh SouthivongOudayvone RattanavongVikham SengkhygnavongAmphay PyaluanglathSaymongkhonh SayasithsenaSatoshi NakamuraYutaka MidorikawaMariko MurataBACKGROUND:Increasing age is associated with elevated risk of non-communicable diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a risk factor not only for AD, but also for cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, stroke, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is undergoing development; consequently, life expectancy has risen. To evaluate the future risk of non-communicable diseases, we investigated APOE genotypes and anthropometric characteristics in the Laotian population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Subjects were 455 members of the Lao Loum majority and 354 members of ethnic minorities. APOE genotypes, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and blood glucose were recorded. To compare individual changes, health examination data collected 5 years apart were obtained from a subset of Lao Loum subjects. APOE ε4 allele frequencies were higher among minorities (31.3%) than among Lao Loum (12.6%). In Lao Loum, but not in minorities, mean waist circumference and blood pressure increased significantly across age groups. Comparisons of health conditions between the beginning and end of the 5-year period revealed significant increases in obesity and blood glucose levels in Lao Loum. APOE ε4 carriers exhibited significant increases in resting heart rate in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:A higher ε4 allele frequency was observed in Laotian minorities than in the Laotian majority. Furthermore, higher obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose were observed in the middle-aged ethnic majority. Therefore, given these genetic and non-communicable disease risk factors, it seems likely that as the Laotian population ages, elevated rates of non-communicable aging-related diseases, such as dementia, will also become more prevalent.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4863969?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Kaoru Midorikawa Douangdao Soukaloun Kongsap Akkhavong Bouavanh Southivong Oudayvone Rattanavong Vikham Sengkhygnavong Amphay Pyaluanglath Saymongkhonh Sayasithsena Satoshi Nakamura Yutaka Midorikawa Mariko Murata APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. PLoS ONE |
| title | APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. |
| title_full | APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. |
| title_fullStr | APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. |
| title_full_unstemmed | APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. |
| title_short | APOE Genotype in the Ethnic Majority and Minority Groups of Laos and the Implications for Non-Communicable Diseases. |
| title_sort | apoe genotype in the ethnic majority and minority groups of laos and the implications for non communicable diseases |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4863969?pdf=render |
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