Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma
Glioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival rate in patients with these neoplasms is 15 months after diagnosis, despite a diversity of treatments, including surgery, rad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/7/156 |
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| author | Angel Escamilla-Ramírez Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez Sergio Zavala-Vega Dolores Jimenez-Farfan Isabel Anaya-Rubio Eduardo Briseño Guadalupe Palencia Patricia Guevara Arturo Cruz-Salgado Julio Sotelo Cristina Trejo-Solís |
| author_facet | Angel Escamilla-Ramírez Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez Sergio Zavala-Vega Dolores Jimenez-Farfan Isabel Anaya-Rubio Eduardo Briseño Guadalupe Palencia Patricia Guevara Arturo Cruz-Salgado Julio Sotelo Cristina Trejo-Solís |
| author_sort | Angel Escamilla-Ramírez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival rate in patients with these neoplasms is 15 months after diagnosis, despite a diversity of treatments, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The resistance of GBM to various therapies is due to a highly mutated genome; these genetic changes induce a de-regulation of several signaling pathways and result in higher cell proliferation rates, angiogenesis, invasion, and a marked resistance to apoptosis; this latter trait is a hallmark of highly invasive tumor cells, such as glioma cells. Due to a defective apoptosis in gliomas, induced autophagic death can be an alternative to remove tumor cells. Paradoxically, however, autophagy in cancer can promote either a cell death or survival. Modulating the autophagic pathway as a death mechanism for cancer cells has prompted the use of both inhibitors and autophagy inducers. The autophagic process, either as a cancer suppressing or inducing mechanism in high-grade gliomas is discussed in this review, along with therapeutic approaches to inhibit or induce autophagy in pre-clinical and clinical studies, aiming to increase the efficiency of conventional treatments to remove glioma neoplastic cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:22:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64b12d61749e4f5cbcf91fac1073ffef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:22:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-64b12d61749e4f5cbcf91fac1073ffef2023-11-20T07:14:35ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472020-07-0113715610.3390/ph13070156Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant GliomaAngel Escamilla-Ramírez0Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez1Sergio Zavala-Vega2Dolores Jimenez-Farfan3Isabel Anaya-Rubio4Eduardo Briseño5Guadalupe Palencia6Patricia Guevara7Arturo Cruz-Salgado8Julio Sotelo9Cristina Trejo-Solís10Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Oncología Experimental, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, MexicoDepartamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoClínica de Neurooncología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoDepartamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, MexicoGlioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival rate in patients with these neoplasms is 15 months after diagnosis, despite a diversity of treatments, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The resistance of GBM to various therapies is due to a highly mutated genome; these genetic changes induce a de-regulation of several signaling pathways and result in higher cell proliferation rates, angiogenesis, invasion, and a marked resistance to apoptosis; this latter trait is a hallmark of highly invasive tumor cells, such as glioma cells. Due to a defective apoptosis in gliomas, induced autophagic death can be an alternative to remove tumor cells. Paradoxically, however, autophagy in cancer can promote either a cell death or survival. Modulating the autophagic pathway as a death mechanism for cancer cells has prompted the use of both inhibitors and autophagy inducers. The autophagic process, either as a cancer suppressing or inducing mechanism in high-grade gliomas is discussed in this review, along with therapeutic approaches to inhibit or induce autophagy in pre-clinical and clinical studies, aiming to increase the efficiency of conventional treatments to remove glioma neoplastic cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/7/156autophagygliomachemotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Angel Escamilla-Ramírez Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez Sergio Zavala-Vega Dolores Jimenez-Farfan Isabel Anaya-Rubio Eduardo Briseño Guadalupe Palencia Patricia Guevara Arturo Cruz-Salgado Julio Sotelo Cristina Trejo-Solís Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma Pharmaceuticals autophagy glioma chemotherapy |
| title | Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma |
| title_full | Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma |
| title_fullStr | Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma |
| title_short | Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma |
| title_sort | autophagy as a potential therapy for malignant glioma |
| topic | autophagy glioma chemotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/13/7/156 |
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