Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation
Chagas disease is a major public health problem, especially in the South and Central America region. Its incidence is related to poverty and presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of Chagas disease is complex and involves many interactive pathways between the hosts and the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768124/full |
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| author | Heloisa D’Avila Núbia Pereira de Souza Ana Luíza da Silva Albertoni Laíris Cunha Campos Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli José Raimundo Correa Patrícia Elaine de Almeida |
| author_facet | Heloisa D’Avila Núbia Pereira de Souza Ana Luíza da Silva Albertoni Laíris Cunha Campos Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli José Raimundo Correa Patrícia Elaine de Almeida |
| author_sort | Heloisa D’Avila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chagas disease is a major public health problem, especially in the South and Central America region. Its incidence is related to poverty and presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of Chagas disease is complex and involves many interactive pathways between the hosts and the Trypanosoma cruzi. Several factors have been implicated in parasite-host interactions, including molecules secreted by infected cells, lipid mediators and most recent, extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs of T. cruzi (EVsT) were reported for the first time in the epimastigote forms about 42 years ago. The EVsT are involved in paracrine communication during the infection and can have an important role in the inflammatory modulation and parasite escape mechanism. However, the mechanisms by which EVs employ their pathological effects are not yet understood. The EVsT seem to participate in the activation of macrophages via TLR2 triggering the production of cytokines and a range of other molecules, thus modulating the host immune response which promotes the parasite survival. Moreover, new insights have demonstrated that EVsT induce lipid body formation and PGE2 synthesis in macrophages. This phenomenon is followed by the inhibition of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation, causing decreased parasitic molecules and allowing intracellular parasite survival. Therefore, this mini review aims to discuss the role of the EVs from T. cruzi as well as its involvement in the mechanisms that regulate the host immune response in the lipid metabolism and its significance for the Chagas disease pathophysiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:16:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64dae248393f4b38ad348c88c8d7fe7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:16:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-64dae248393f4b38ad348c88c8d7fe7c2022-12-21T21:25:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882021-10-011110.3389/fcimb.2021.768124768124Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism ModulationHeloisa D’Avila0Núbia Pereira de Souza1Ana Luíza da Silva Albertoni2Laíris Cunha Campos3Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli4José Raimundo Correa5Patrícia Elaine de Almeida6Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilLaboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilLaboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, BrazilChagas disease is a major public health problem, especially in the South and Central America region. Its incidence is related to poverty and presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of Chagas disease is complex and involves many interactive pathways between the hosts and the Trypanosoma cruzi. Several factors have been implicated in parasite-host interactions, including molecules secreted by infected cells, lipid mediators and most recent, extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs of T. cruzi (EVsT) were reported for the first time in the epimastigote forms about 42 years ago. The EVsT are involved in paracrine communication during the infection and can have an important role in the inflammatory modulation and parasite escape mechanism. However, the mechanisms by which EVs employ their pathological effects are not yet understood. The EVsT seem to participate in the activation of macrophages via TLR2 triggering the production of cytokines and a range of other molecules, thus modulating the host immune response which promotes the parasite survival. Moreover, new insights have demonstrated that EVsT induce lipid body formation and PGE2 synthesis in macrophages. This phenomenon is followed by the inhibition of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation, causing decreased parasitic molecules and allowing intracellular parasite survival. Therefore, this mini review aims to discuss the role of the EVs from T. cruzi as well as its involvement in the mechanisms that regulate the host immune response in the lipid metabolism and its significance for the Chagas disease pathophysiology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768124/fullextracellular vesiclesT. cruziinfectious diseasesinflammationlipid dropletsprostaglandin |
| spellingShingle | Heloisa D’Avila Núbia Pereira de Souza Ana Luíza da Silva Albertoni Laíris Cunha Campos Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli José Raimundo Correa Patrícia Elaine de Almeida Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology extracellular vesicles T. cruzi infectious diseases inflammation lipid droplets prostaglandin |
| title | Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation |
| title_full | Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation |
| title_fullStr | Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation |
| title_short | Impact of the Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trypanosoma cruzi: A Paradox in Host Response and Lipid Metabolism Modulation |
| title_sort | impact of the extracellular vesicles derived from trypanosoma cruzi a paradox in host response and lipid metabolism modulation |
| topic | extracellular vesicles T. cruzi infectious diseases inflammation lipid droplets prostaglandin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2021.768124/full |
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