Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications
Carvone and spearmint essential oil vapours are suitable candidates for the control of citrus postharvest pathogens due to their strong antifungal activity. However, the high volatility of essential oils remains a hurdle that needs to be overcome before it can be applied as an alternative fungicide....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535222007742 |
| _version_ | 1797952783925641216 |
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| author | Katlego Phala Antonio B. Mapossa Wilma Augustyn Sandra Combrinck Ben Botha |
| author_facet | Katlego Phala Antonio B. Mapossa Wilma Augustyn Sandra Combrinck Ben Botha |
| author_sort | Katlego Phala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carvone and spearmint essential oil vapours are suitable candidates for the control of citrus postharvest pathogens due to their strong antifungal activity. However, the high volatility of essential oils remains a hurdle that needs to be overcome before it can be applied as an alternative fungicide. This work investigates the antifungal activity of 20 and 30 wt-% spearmint essential oil or carvone, incorporated into ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) strands postharvest pathogens affecting kumquats. Following the melt-extrusion process, an average yield of 16–29 % and 15–28 % of the total carvone and spearmint essential oil, respectively, was determined in the polymer strands. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of microporous structures in the internal structure of the strands. The membrane-like skin that covers the polymer strand was also confirmed by SEM. Variations in the release rates were observed between carvone and spearmint essential oils, which was attributed to the difference in the vapour pressure of the neat essential oils. Furthermore, in this study, the results demonstrated that the diffusion exponent ‘n’ of the Korsmeyer–Peppas, Weibull and Log-logistic models exceeded 1.0. In most cases, the Super Case II mechanism was observed. In the case of the Mapossa model, as k2 was ˃> 1, it implies that the outer skin-like membrane covering the polymer strand fully controlled the carvone release. The application of the essential oil-loaded polymer strands resulted in a significant reduction in deterioration, caused by citrus postharvest pathogens, of kumquats kept at room temperature for 21 days. This study indicates that the incorporation of spearmint essential oil or carvone into LLDPE or EVA polymer strands promoted the preservation of kumquat over a 21-day period. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:52:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64e01ebe8df74e519fb7f81568605781 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:52:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-64e01ebe8df74e519fb7f815686057812023-01-15T04:21:35ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-02-01162104458Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applicationsKatlego Phala0Antonio B. Mapossa1Wilma Augustyn2Sandra Combrinck3Ben Botha4Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South AfricaInstitute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South AfricaCarvone and spearmint essential oil vapours are suitable candidates for the control of citrus postharvest pathogens due to their strong antifungal activity. However, the high volatility of essential oils remains a hurdle that needs to be overcome before it can be applied as an alternative fungicide. This work investigates the antifungal activity of 20 and 30 wt-% spearmint essential oil or carvone, incorporated into ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) strands postharvest pathogens affecting kumquats. Following the melt-extrusion process, an average yield of 16–29 % and 15–28 % of the total carvone and spearmint essential oil, respectively, was determined in the polymer strands. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of microporous structures in the internal structure of the strands. The membrane-like skin that covers the polymer strand was also confirmed by SEM. Variations in the release rates were observed between carvone and spearmint essential oils, which was attributed to the difference in the vapour pressure of the neat essential oils. Furthermore, in this study, the results demonstrated that the diffusion exponent ‘n’ of the Korsmeyer–Peppas, Weibull and Log-logistic models exceeded 1.0. In most cases, the Super Case II mechanism was observed. In the case of the Mapossa model, as k2 was ˃> 1, it implies that the outer skin-like membrane covering the polymer strand fully controlled the carvone release. The application of the essential oil-loaded polymer strands resulted in a significant reduction in deterioration, caused by citrus postharvest pathogens, of kumquats kept at room temperature for 21 days. This study indicates that the incorporation of spearmint essential oil or carvone into LLDPE or EVA polymer strands promoted the preservation of kumquat over a 21-day period.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535222007742Spearmint essential oilCarvoneRelease rateAntifungal activityKumquatspolymer |
| spellingShingle | Katlego Phala Antonio B. Mapossa Wilma Augustyn Sandra Combrinck Ben Botha Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications Arabian Journal of Chemistry Spearmint essential oil Carvone Release rate Antifungal activity Kumquats polymer |
| title | Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| title_full | Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| title_fullStr | Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| title_short | Development of EVA and LLDPE polymer-based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| title_sort | development of eva and lldpe polymer based carvone and spearmint essential oil release systems for citrus postharvest diseases applications |
| topic | Spearmint essential oil Carvone Release rate Antifungal activity Kumquats polymer |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535222007742 |
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