Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted medical and socioeconomic havoc, and despite the current availability of vaccines and broad implementation of vaccination programs, more easily accessible and cost-effective acute treatment options preventing morbidity and mortality...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | BMC Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01468-z |
| _version_ | 1811310848279314432 |
|---|---|
| author | Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling Denise Mennerich Corinna Schuler Roman Sakson Julia K. Lill Siva Swapna Kasarla Dominik Kopczynski Stefan Loroch Yulia Flores-Martinez Benjamin Katschinski Kerstin Wohlgemuth Matthias Gunzer Folker Meyer Prasad Phapale Ulf Dittmer Albert Sickmann Mirko Trilling |
| author_facet | Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling Denise Mennerich Corinna Schuler Roman Sakson Julia K. Lill Siva Swapna Kasarla Dominik Kopczynski Stefan Loroch Yulia Flores-Martinez Benjamin Katschinski Kerstin Wohlgemuth Matthias Gunzer Folker Meyer Prasad Phapale Ulf Dittmer Albert Sickmann Mirko Trilling |
| author_sort | Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted medical and socioeconomic havoc, and despite the current availability of vaccines and broad implementation of vaccination programs, more easily accessible and cost-effective acute treatment options preventing morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. Herbal teas have historically and recurrently been applied as self-medication for prophylaxis, therapy, and symptom alleviation in diverse diseases, including those caused by respiratory viruses, and have provided sources of natural products as basis for the development of therapeutic agents. To identify affordable, ubiquitously available, and effective treatments, we tested herbs consumed worldwide as herbal teas regarding their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Results Aqueous infusions prepared by boiling leaves of the Lamiaceae perilla and sage elicit potent and sustained antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when applied after infection as well as prior to infection of cells. The herbal infusions exerted in vitro antiviral effects comparable to interferon-β and remdesivir but outperformed convalescent sera and interferon-α2 upon short-term treatment early after infection. Based on protein fractionation analyses, we identified caffeic acid, perilla aldehyde, and perillyl alcohol as antiviral compounds. Global mass spectrometry (MS) analyses performed comparatively in two different cell culture infection models revealed changes of the proteome upon treatment with herbal infusions and provided insights into the mode of action. As inferred by the MS data, induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) was confirmed as effector mechanism by the antiviral activity of the HMOX-1-inducing compounds sulforaphane and fraxetin. Conclusions In conclusion, herbal teas based on perilla and sage exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including variants of concern such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, and we identified HMOX-1 as potential therapeutic target. Given that perilla and sage have been suggested as treatment options for various diseases, our dataset may constitute a valuable resource also for future research beyond virology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:06:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64f1ee9cf6624323968912e635fb6b3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:06:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-64f1ee9cf6624323968912e635fb6b3a2022-12-22T02:51:04ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072022-11-0120112110.1186/s12915-022-01468-zIdentification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitroVu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling0Denise Mennerich1Corinna Schuler2Roman Sakson3Julia K. Lill4Siva Swapna Kasarla5Dominik Kopczynski6Stefan Loroch7Yulia Flores-Martinez8Benjamin Katschinski9Kerstin Wohlgemuth10Matthias Gunzer11Folker Meyer12Prasad Phapale13Ulf Dittmer14Albert Sickmann15Mirko Trilling16Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenLeibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenLeibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Institute for AI in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenLeibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenLeibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V.Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenAbstract Background The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted medical and socioeconomic havoc, and despite the current availability of vaccines and broad implementation of vaccination programs, more easily accessible and cost-effective acute treatment options preventing morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. Herbal teas have historically and recurrently been applied as self-medication for prophylaxis, therapy, and symptom alleviation in diverse diseases, including those caused by respiratory viruses, and have provided sources of natural products as basis for the development of therapeutic agents. To identify affordable, ubiquitously available, and effective treatments, we tested herbs consumed worldwide as herbal teas regarding their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Results Aqueous infusions prepared by boiling leaves of the Lamiaceae perilla and sage elicit potent and sustained antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when applied after infection as well as prior to infection of cells. The herbal infusions exerted in vitro antiviral effects comparable to interferon-β and remdesivir but outperformed convalescent sera and interferon-α2 upon short-term treatment early after infection. Based on protein fractionation analyses, we identified caffeic acid, perilla aldehyde, and perillyl alcohol as antiviral compounds. Global mass spectrometry (MS) analyses performed comparatively in two different cell culture infection models revealed changes of the proteome upon treatment with herbal infusions and provided insights into the mode of action. As inferred by the MS data, induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) was confirmed as effector mechanism by the antiviral activity of the HMOX-1-inducing compounds sulforaphane and fraxetin. Conclusions In conclusion, herbal teas based on perilla and sage exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 including variants of concern such as Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, and we identified HMOX-1 as potential therapeutic target. Given that perilla and sage have been suggested as treatment options for various diseases, our dataset may constitute a valuable resource also for future research beyond virology.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01468-zCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AntiviralHerbalPerillaSage |
| spellingShingle | Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling Denise Mennerich Corinna Schuler Roman Sakson Julia K. Lill Siva Swapna Kasarla Dominik Kopczynski Stefan Loroch Yulia Flores-Martinez Benjamin Katschinski Kerstin Wohlgemuth Matthias Gunzer Folker Meyer Prasad Phapale Ulf Dittmer Albert Sickmann Mirko Trilling Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro BMC Biology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Herbal Perilla Sage |
| title | Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
| title_full | Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
| title_short | Identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
| title_sort | identification of herbal teas and their compounds eliciting antiviral activity against sars cov 2 in vitro |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Herbal Perilla Sage |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01468-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vuthuykhanhletrilling identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT denisemennerich identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT corinnaschuler identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT romansakson identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT juliaklill identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT sivaswapnakasarla identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT dominikkopczynski identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT stefanloroch identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT yuliafloresmartinez identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT benjaminkatschinski identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT kerstinwohlgemuth identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT matthiasgunzer identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT folkermeyer identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT prasadphapale identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT ulfdittmer identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT albertsickmann identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro AT mirkotrilling identificationofherbalteasandtheircompoundselicitingantiviralactivityagainstsarscov2invitro |