Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria
<i>Chlamydiae</i> are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the p...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/842 |
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| author | Patrick Phillips James M. Parkhurst Ilias Kounatidis Chidinma Okolo Thomas M. Fish James H. Naismith Martin A. Walsh Maria Harkiolaki Maud Dumoux |
| author_facet | Patrick Phillips James M. Parkhurst Ilias Kounatidis Chidinma Okolo Thomas M. Fish James H. Naismith Martin A. Walsh Maria Harkiolaki Maud Dumoux |
| author_sort | Patrick Phillips |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Chlamydiae</i> are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of <i>Chlamydia</i> involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:40:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-64f44ae1b4934a729c27ba86c7e78f61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:40:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-64f44ae1b4934a729c27ba86c7e78f612023-11-22T08:23:42ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-08-0111884210.3390/life11080842Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of BacteriaPatrick Phillips0James M. Parkhurst1Ilias Kounatidis2Chidinma Okolo3Thomas M. Fish4James H. Naismith5Martin A. Walsh6Maria Harkiolaki7Maud Dumoux8Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKResearch Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UKDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK<i>Chlamydiae</i> are strict intracellular pathogens residing within a specialised membrane-bound compartment called the inclusion. Therefore, each infected cell can, be considered as a single entity where bacteria form a community within the inclusion. It remains unclear as to how the population of bacteria within the inclusion influences individual bacterium. The life cycle of <i>Chlamydia</i> involves transitioning between the invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs). We have used cryo-soft X-ray tomography to observe individual inclusions, an approach that combines 40 nm spatial resolution and large volume imaging (up to 16 µm). Using semi-automated segmentation pipeline, we considered each inclusion as an individual bacterial niche. Within each inclusion, we identifyed and classified different forms of the bacteria and confirmed the recent finding that RBs have a variety of volumes (small, large and abnormal). We demonstrate that the proportions of these different RB forms depend on the bacterial concentration in the inclusion. We conclude that each inclusion operates as an autonomous community that influences the characteristics of individual bacteria within the inclusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/842<i>Chalmydia</i>cryo-soft X ray tomographycommunitysingle cell |
| spellingShingle | Patrick Phillips James M. Parkhurst Ilias Kounatidis Chidinma Okolo Thomas M. Fish James H. Naismith Martin A. Walsh Maria Harkiolaki Maud Dumoux Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria Life <i>Chalmydia</i> cryo-soft X ray tomography community single cell |
| title | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
| title_full | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
| title_short | Single Cell Cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography Shows That Each <i>Chlamydia Trachomatis</i> Inclusion Is a Unique Community of Bacteria |
| title_sort | single cell cryo soft x ray tomography shows that each i chlamydia trachomatis i inclusion is a unique community of bacteria |
| topic | <i>Chalmydia</i> cryo-soft X ray tomography community single cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/842 |
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