Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has maintained its crucial role in refining decades after its initial introduction owing to the flexibility it has as a process as well as the developments in its key enabler, the FCC catalyst. Boron-based technology (BBT) for passivation of contaminant metals in FCC c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1327 |
| _version_ | 1797547824185868288 |
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| author | Claire Chunjuan Zhang Xingtao Gao Bilge Yilmaz |
| author_facet | Claire Chunjuan Zhang Xingtao Gao Bilge Yilmaz |
| author_sort | Claire Chunjuan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has maintained its crucial role in refining decades after its initial introduction owing to the flexibility it has as a process as well as the developments in its key enabler, the FCC catalyst. Boron-based technology (BBT) for passivation of contaminant metals in FCC catalysts represents one such development. In this contribution we describe Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of boron-containing catalysts to identify the phase and structural information of boron. We demonstrate that FTIR can serve as a sensitive method to differentiate boron trioxide and borate structures with a detection limit at the 1000 ppm level. The FTIR analysis validates that the boron in the FCC catalysts studied are in the form of small borate units and confirms that the final FCC catalyst product contains no detectable isolated boron trioxide phase. Since boron trioxide is regulated in some parts of the world, this novel FTIR methodology can be highly beneficial for further FCC catalyst development and its industrial application at refineries around the world. This new method can also be applied on systems beyond catalysts, since the characterization of boron-containing materials is needed for a wide range of other applications in the fields of glass, ceramics, semiconductors, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6504a5fa768847358c7f89cbd74b7270 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:50:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-6504a5fa768847358c7f89cbd74b72702023-11-20T21:01:23ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-11-011011132710.3390/catal10111327Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC CatalystsClaire Chunjuan Zhang0Xingtao Gao1Bilge Yilmaz2BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Tpk., Iselin, NJ 08830, USABASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Tpk., Iselin, NJ 08830, USABASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Tpk., Iselin, NJ 08830, USAFluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has maintained its crucial role in refining decades after its initial introduction owing to the flexibility it has as a process as well as the developments in its key enabler, the FCC catalyst. Boron-based technology (BBT) for passivation of contaminant metals in FCC catalysts represents one such development. In this contribution we describe Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of boron-containing catalysts to identify the phase and structural information of boron. We demonstrate that FTIR can serve as a sensitive method to differentiate boron trioxide and borate structures with a detection limit at the 1000 ppm level. The FTIR analysis validates that the boron in the FCC catalysts studied are in the form of small borate units and confirms that the final FCC catalyst product contains no detectable isolated boron trioxide phase. Since boron trioxide is regulated in some parts of the world, this novel FTIR methodology can be highly beneficial for further FCC catalyst development and its industrial application at refineries around the world. This new method can also be applied on systems beyond catalysts, since the characterization of boron-containing materials is needed for a wide range of other applications in the fields of glass, ceramics, semiconductors, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1327fluid catalytic crackingresid-FCCboronFTIRspectroscopyEnvironmental Health and Safety (EHS) |
| spellingShingle | Claire Chunjuan Zhang Xingtao Gao Bilge Yilmaz Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts Catalysts fluid catalytic cracking resid-FCC boron FTIR spectroscopy Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) |
| title | Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts |
| title_full | Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts |
| title_fullStr | Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts |
| title_short | Development of FTIR Spectroscopy Methodology for Characterization of Boron Species in FCC Catalysts |
| title_sort | development of ftir spectroscopy methodology for characterization of boron species in fcc catalysts |
| topic | fluid catalytic cracking resid-FCC boron FTIR spectroscopy Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1327 |
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