<i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages
Cyanobacterial expansion is harmful to the environment, the ecology of Lake Baikal and the economy of nearby regions and can be dangerous to people and animals. Since 2011, the process of colonisation of the lake with potentially toxic cyanobacteria belonging to the genus <i>Tychonema</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/442 |
| _version_ | 1797617785990283264 |
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| author | Peter Evseev Irina Tikhonova Andrei Krasnopeev Ekaterina Sorokovikova Anna Gladkikh Oleg Timoshkin Konstantin Miroshnikov Olga Belykh |
| author_facet | Peter Evseev Irina Tikhonova Andrei Krasnopeev Ekaterina Sorokovikova Anna Gladkikh Oleg Timoshkin Konstantin Miroshnikov Olga Belykh |
| author_sort | Peter Evseev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacterial expansion is harmful to the environment, the ecology of Lake Baikal and the economy of nearby regions and can be dangerous to people and animals. Since 2011, the process of colonisation of the lake with potentially toxic cyanobacteria belonging to the genus <i>Tychonema</i> has continued. An understanding of the mechanism of successful expansion of <i>Tychonema</i> requires scrutiny of biological and genomic features. <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 was isolated from the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. The morphology of BBK16 biofilm was studied with light, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilm is based on filaments of cyanobacteria, which are intertwined like felt; there are also dense fascicles of rope-like twisted filaments that impart heterogeneity to the surface of the biofilm. Genome sequencing, intergenomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 represent a new species related to planktic cyanobacterium <i>Tychonema bourrellyi</i>, isolated from Alpine lentic freshwater. Genome investigation revealed the genes possibly responsible for the mixotrophic lifestyle. The presence of CRISPR-Cas and restriction modification defence mechanisms allowed to suggest the existence of phages infecting <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16. Analysis of CRISPR spacers and prophage-derived regions allowed to suggest related cyanophages. Genomic analysis supported the assumption that mobile elements and horizontal transfer participate in shaping the <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 genome. The findings of the current research suggest that the aptitude of <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 for biofilm formation and, possibly, its mixotrophic lifestyle provide adaptation advantages that lead to the successful expansion of this cyanobacterium in the Baikal’s conditions of freshwater lake environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-650ac3dc05df46d0900e7b688fd5e279 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-650ac3dc05df46d0900e7b688fd5e2792023-11-16T23:49:04ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115244210.3390/v15020442<i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related PhagesPeter Evseev0Irina Tikhonova1Andrei Krasnopeev2Ekaterina Sorokovikova3Anna Gladkikh4Oleg Timoshkin5Konstantin Miroshnikov6Olga Belykh7Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaSaint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Str., Saint-Petersburg 197101, RussiaLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaShemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., GSP-7, Moscow 117997, RussiaLimnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya Str., Irkutsk 664033, RussiaCyanobacterial expansion is harmful to the environment, the ecology of Lake Baikal and the economy of nearby regions and can be dangerous to people and animals. Since 2011, the process of colonisation of the lake with potentially toxic cyanobacteria belonging to the genus <i>Tychonema</i> has continued. An understanding of the mechanism of successful expansion of <i>Tychonema</i> requires scrutiny of biological and genomic features. <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 was isolated from the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. The morphology of BBK16 biofilm was studied with light, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The biofilm is based on filaments of cyanobacteria, which are intertwined like felt; there are also dense fascicles of rope-like twisted filaments that impart heterogeneity to the surface of the biofilm. Genome sequencing, intergenomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 represent a new species related to planktic cyanobacterium <i>Tychonema bourrellyi</i>, isolated from Alpine lentic freshwater. Genome investigation revealed the genes possibly responsible for the mixotrophic lifestyle. The presence of CRISPR-Cas and restriction modification defence mechanisms allowed to suggest the existence of phages infecting <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16. Analysis of CRISPR spacers and prophage-derived regions allowed to suggest related cyanophages. Genomic analysis supported the assumption that mobile elements and horizontal transfer participate in shaping the <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 genome. The findings of the current research suggest that the aptitude of <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 for biofilm formation and, possibly, its mixotrophic lifestyle provide adaptation advantages that lead to the successful expansion of this cyanobacterium in the Baikal’s conditions of freshwater lake environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/442cyanobacterium<i>Tychonema</i>cyanopahgesproliferation of benthic cyanobacteriafreshwater ecologymixotrophy |
| spellingShingle | Peter Evseev Irina Tikhonova Andrei Krasnopeev Ekaterina Sorokovikova Anna Gladkikh Oleg Timoshkin Konstantin Miroshnikov Olga Belykh <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages Viruses cyanobacterium <i>Tychonema</i> cyanopahges proliferation of benthic cyanobacteria freshwater ecology mixotrophy |
| title | <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages |
| title_full | <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages |
| title_fullStr | <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages |
| title_short | <i>Tychonema</i> sp. BBK16 Characterisation: Lifestyle, Phylogeny and Related Phages |
| title_sort | i tychonema i sp bbk16 characterisation lifestyle phylogeny and related phages |
| topic | cyanobacterium <i>Tychonema</i> cyanopahges proliferation of benthic cyanobacteria freshwater ecology mixotrophy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/442 |
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