Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings
Minerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing ba...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2543 |
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| author | Shaista Javaid Saira Mushtaq Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz Ghulam Rasool Tahir Naqqash Maha Afzal Uzma Mushtaq Hayssam M. Ali Muhammad Fakhar-U-Zaman Akhtar Ghulam Abbas Lingling Li |
| author_facet | Shaista Javaid Saira Mushtaq Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz Ghulam Rasool Tahir Naqqash Maha Afzal Uzma Mushtaq Hayssam M. Ali Muhammad Fakhar-U-Zaman Akhtar Ghulam Abbas Lingling Li |
| author_sort | Shaista Javaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Minerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing bacteria, which can convert insoluble forms of minerals into soluble ones that plants can quickly assimilate, thus enhancing their availability in nutrient-depleted soils. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize mineral solubilizing rhizobacteria and to assess their plant growth-promoting potential for Rhodes grass. Twenty-five rhizobacterial strains were isolated on a nutrient agar medium. They were characterized for solubilization of insoluble minerals (phosphate, potassium, zinc, and manganese), indole acetic acid production, enzymatic activities, and various morphological traits. The selected strains were also evaluated for their potential to promote the growth of Rhodes grass seedlings. Among tested strains, eight strains demonstrated strong qualitative and quantitative solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Strain MS2 reported the highest phosphate solubilization index, phosphate solubilization efficiency, available phosphorus concentration, and reduction in medium pH. Among tested strains, 75% were positive for zinc and manganese solubilization, and 37.5% were positive for potassium solubilization. Strain MS2 demonstrated the highest quantitative manganese solubilization, while strains MS7 and SM4 reported the highest solubilization of zinc and potassium through acidifying their respective media. The strain SM4 demonstrated the most increased IAA production in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. The majority of strains were positive for various enzymes, including urease, catalase protease, and amylase activities. However, these strains were negative for coagulase activity except strains SM7 and MS7. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six strains, namely, SM2, SM4, SM5, MS1, MS2, and MS4, were identified as <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, while strains SM7 and MS7 were identified as <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i>. These strains significantly improved growth attributes of Rhodes grass, such as root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh and dry biomasses compared to the uninoculated control group. The present study highlights the significance of mineral solubilizing and enzyme-producing rhizobacterial strains as potential bioinoculants to enhance Rhodes grass growth under mineral-deficient conditions sustainably. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-650f93a881944acb84be395c48fff2ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-650f93a881944acb84be395c48fff2ed2023-11-19T17:28:22ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-10-011110254310.3390/microorganisms11102543Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass SeedlingsShaista Javaid0Saira Mushtaq1Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz2Ghulam Rasool3Tahir Naqqash4Maha Afzal5Uzma Mushtaq6Hayssam M. Ali7Muhammad Fakhar-U-Zaman Akhtar8Ghulam Abbas9Lingling Li10Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanCentre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, PakistanCollege of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaMinerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing bacteria, which can convert insoluble forms of minerals into soluble ones that plants can quickly assimilate, thus enhancing their availability in nutrient-depleted soils. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize mineral solubilizing rhizobacteria and to assess their plant growth-promoting potential for Rhodes grass. Twenty-five rhizobacterial strains were isolated on a nutrient agar medium. They were characterized for solubilization of insoluble minerals (phosphate, potassium, zinc, and manganese), indole acetic acid production, enzymatic activities, and various morphological traits. The selected strains were also evaluated for their potential to promote the growth of Rhodes grass seedlings. Among tested strains, eight strains demonstrated strong qualitative and quantitative solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Strain MS2 reported the highest phosphate solubilization index, phosphate solubilization efficiency, available phosphorus concentration, and reduction in medium pH. Among tested strains, 75% were positive for zinc and manganese solubilization, and 37.5% were positive for potassium solubilization. Strain MS2 demonstrated the highest quantitative manganese solubilization, while strains MS7 and SM4 reported the highest solubilization of zinc and potassium through acidifying their respective media. The strain SM4 demonstrated the most increased IAA production in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. The majority of strains were positive for various enzymes, including urease, catalase protease, and amylase activities. However, these strains were negative for coagulase activity except strains SM7 and MS7. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six strains, namely, SM2, SM4, SM5, MS1, MS2, and MS4, were identified as <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, while strains SM7 and MS7 were identified as <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i>. These strains significantly improved growth attributes of Rhodes grass, such as root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh and dry biomasses compared to the uninoculated control group. The present study highlights the significance of mineral solubilizing and enzyme-producing rhizobacterial strains as potential bioinoculants to enhance Rhodes grass growth under mineral-deficient conditions sustainably.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2543<i>Bacillus</i><i>Chloris gayana</i>enzymatic activitiesmineral solubilization<i>Staphylococcus</i>partial gene sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Shaista Javaid Saira Mushtaq Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz Ghulam Rasool Tahir Naqqash Maha Afzal Uzma Mushtaq Hayssam M. Ali Muhammad Fakhar-U-Zaman Akhtar Ghulam Abbas Lingling Li Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings Microorganisms <i>Bacillus</i> <i>Chloris gayana</i> enzymatic activities mineral solubilization <i>Staphylococcus</i> partial gene sequencing |
| title | Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings |
| title_full | Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings |
| title_short | Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings |
| title_sort | mineral solubilizing rhizobacterial strains mediated biostimulation of rhodes grass seedlings |
| topic | <i>Bacillus</i> <i>Chloris gayana</i> enzymatic activities mineral solubilization <i>Staphylococcus</i> partial gene sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2543 |
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