Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches
This review is dedicated to the different varieties of macrocycles synthesis bearing indole units in their architecture by metal-catalyzed strategies. The progress of the new macrocyclization approaches is persisted be a keen area of research. Macrocycles contain a wide variety of molecules, and amo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Organics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/4/3/26 |
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| author | Subba Rao Cheekatla Debashis Barik Geethanjali Anand Rakhi Mol K. M. Mintu Porel |
| author_facet | Subba Rao Cheekatla Debashis Barik Geethanjali Anand Rakhi Mol K. M. Mintu Porel |
| author_sort | Subba Rao Cheekatla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review is dedicated to the different varieties of macrocycles synthesis bearing indole units in their architecture by metal-catalyzed strategies. The progress of the new macrocyclization approaches is persisted be a keen area of research. Macrocycles contain a wide variety of molecules, and among those, heteroaryl motifs are valuable constituents that provide an attractive feature to macrocyclic systems. Indole represents one of the privileged pharmacophores against a variety of targets with various biological applications. Among the nitrogen-based heterocycles, indole plays a prominent role in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceuticals, natural products synthesis, agrochemicals, dye and fragrances, and drug design. These scaffolds are widely distributed in several bioactive natural products and synthetic macrocycles constructed against a specific biochemical target and the most common constituents of naturally occurring molecules. Due to its immense importance, the progress of novel approaches for the synthesis of indole-based scaffolds has increased steadily. The majority of the macrocycles synthesis proceeds through the macrolactamization and macrolactonization, as well as the C–C bond macrocyclization process described by metal-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and coupling reactions. Among macrocyclizations, metal-catalyzed approaches are considered one of the most powerful tools for synthetic chemists in the design of a variety of macrocycles. This review aims to give a comprehensive insight into the synthesis of varieties of macrocycles bearing indole scaffold catalyzed by various transition metals that emerged in the literature over the last two decades. We hope that this review will persuade synthetic chemists to search for novel strategies for the C–C bond macrocyclization by metal-catalyzed protocols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:19:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6511c2ef0b3147418a07cc7a8865677b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-401X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:19:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Organics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6511c2ef0b3147418a07cc7a8865677b2023-11-19T12:20:55ZengMDPI AGOrganics2673-401X2023-07-014333336310.3390/org4030026Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed ApproachesSubba Rao Cheekatla0Debashis Barik1Geethanjali Anand2Rakhi Mol K. M.3Mintu Porel4Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, IndiaThis review is dedicated to the different varieties of macrocycles synthesis bearing indole units in their architecture by metal-catalyzed strategies. The progress of the new macrocyclization approaches is persisted be a keen area of research. Macrocycles contain a wide variety of molecules, and among those, heteroaryl motifs are valuable constituents that provide an attractive feature to macrocyclic systems. Indole represents one of the privileged pharmacophores against a variety of targets with various biological applications. Among the nitrogen-based heterocycles, indole plays a prominent role in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceuticals, natural products synthesis, agrochemicals, dye and fragrances, and drug design. These scaffolds are widely distributed in several bioactive natural products and synthetic macrocycles constructed against a specific biochemical target and the most common constituents of naturally occurring molecules. Due to its immense importance, the progress of novel approaches for the synthesis of indole-based scaffolds has increased steadily. The majority of the macrocycles synthesis proceeds through the macrolactamization and macrolactonization, as well as the C–C bond macrocyclization process described by metal-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and coupling reactions. Among macrocyclizations, metal-catalyzed approaches are considered one of the most powerful tools for synthetic chemists in the design of a variety of macrocycles. This review aims to give a comprehensive insight into the synthesis of varieties of macrocycles bearing indole scaffold catalyzed by various transition metals that emerged in the literature over the last two decades. We hope that this review will persuade synthetic chemists to search for novel strategies for the C–C bond macrocyclization by metal-catalyzed protocols.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/4/3/26macrocyclizationheterocyclescoupling reactionstransition-metal catalysisindole-based macrocycles |
| spellingShingle | Subba Rao Cheekatla Debashis Barik Geethanjali Anand Rakhi Mol K. M. Mintu Porel Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches Organics macrocyclization heterocycles coupling reactions transition-metal catalysis indole-based macrocycles |
| title | Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches |
| title_full | Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches |
| title_short | Indole-Based Macrocyclization by Metal-Catalyzed Approaches |
| title_sort | indole based macrocyclization by metal catalyzed approaches |
| topic | macrocyclization heterocycles coupling reactions transition-metal catalysis indole-based macrocycles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/4/3/26 |
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