Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)
In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has rev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/11/2145 |
| _version_ | 1798043129727680512 |
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| author | Rokas Tamašauskas Jolanta Šadauskienė Patrikas Bruzgevičius Dorota Anna Krawczyk |
| author_facet | Rokas Tamašauskas Jolanta Šadauskienė Patrikas Bruzgevičius Dorota Anna Krawczyk |
| author_sort | Rokas Tamašauskas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:45:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65169acde7b2420db753d31302bcbda5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:45:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-65169acde7b2420db753d31302bcbda52022-12-22T03:58:48ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-06-011211214510.3390/en12112145en12112145Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)Rokas Tamašauskas0Jolanta Šadauskienė1Patrikas Bruzgevičius2Dorota Anna Krawczyk3JSC “Planuotojai“, Vasario 16-osios str. 8-6, LT-44250 Kaunas, LithuaniaFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu st. 48, LT-51367 Kaunas, LithuaniaJSC “Įraža”, Tunelio str. 60, Kaunas, LT-4440 LithuaniaFaculty of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandIn order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/11/2145primary energywind powerelectricity productionelectricity consumptionnearly zero-energy building |
| spellingShingle | Rokas Tamašauskas Jolanta Šadauskienė Patrikas Bruzgevičius Dorota Anna Krawczyk Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) Energies primary energy wind power electricity production electricity consumption nearly zero-energy building |
| title | Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) |
| title_full | Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) |
| title_fullStr | Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) |
| title_short | Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) |
| title_sort | investigation and evaluation of primary energy from wind turbines for a nearly zero energy building nzeb |
| topic | primary energy wind power electricity production electricity consumption nearly zero-energy building |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/11/2145 |
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