Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector
The tick-transmitted disease bovine babesiosis causes significant economic losses in many countries around the world. Current control methods include modified live-attenuated vaccines that have limited efficacy. Recombinant proteins could provide effective, safe, and low-cost alternative vaccines. W...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2173 |
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| author | Hayley E. Masterson Naomi S. Taus Wendell C. Johnson Lowell Kappmeyer Janaina Capelli-Peixoto Hala E. Hussein Michelle R. Mousel Diego J. Hernandez-Silva Jacob M. Laughery Juan Mosqueda Massaro W. Ueti |
| author_facet | Hayley E. Masterson Naomi S. Taus Wendell C. Johnson Lowell Kappmeyer Janaina Capelli-Peixoto Hala E. Hussein Michelle R. Mousel Diego J. Hernandez-Silva Jacob M. Laughery Juan Mosqueda Massaro W. Ueti |
| author_sort | Hayley E. Masterson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tick-transmitted disease bovine babesiosis causes significant economic losses in many countries around the world. Current control methods include modified live-attenuated vaccines that have limited efficacy. Recombinant proteins could provide effective, safe, and low-cost alternative vaccines. We compared the expression of the <i>Babesia bovis</i> thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family from parasites in bovine blood, in vitro induced sexual stages, and kinetes from tick hemolymph. Quantitative PCR showed that in blood and sexual stages, TRAP3 was highly transcribed as compared to the other TRAPs. In contrast, the TRAP1 gene was highly transcribed in kinetes as compared to the other TRAPs. Fixed immunofluorescence assays showed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed by both blood and sexual stages. Conversely, TRAP1 protein, undetected on blood and induced sexual stages, was the only family member expressed by kinetes. Live IFA revealed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed on the surface of both <i>B. bovis</i> blood and sexual stages. Modeling of <i>B. bovis</i> TRAP1 and TRAP4 tertiary structure demonstrated both proteins folded the metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) domain structure of <i>Plasmodium</i> TRAP. In conclusion, TRAP proteins may serve as potential vaccine targets to prevent infection of bovine and ticks with <i>B. bovis</i> essential for controlling the spread of bovine babesiosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6526adaeade24f8892e61b9a5ba25a75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-6526adaeade24f8892e61b9a5ba25a752023-11-24T05:56:56ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-11-011011217310.3390/microorganisms10112173Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick VectorHayley E. Masterson0Naomi S. Taus1Wendell C. Johnson2Lowell Kappmeyer3Janaina Capelli-Peixoto4Hala E. Hussein5Michelle R. Mousel6Diego J. Hernandez-Silva7Jacob M. Laughery8Juan Mosqueda9Massaro W. Ueti10Program in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAnimal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAnimal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAnimal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USAProgram in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAProgram in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAAnimal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USAImmunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, MexicoProgram in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAImmunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, MexicoProgram in Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USAThe tick-transmitted disease bovine babesiosis causes significant economic losses in many countries around the world. Current control methods include modified live-attenuated vaccines that have limited efficacy. Recombinant proteins could provide effective, safe, and low-cost alternative vaccines. We compared the expression of the <i>Babesia bovis</i> thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family from parasites in bovine blood, in vitro induced sexual stages, and kinetes from tick hemolymph. Quantitative PCR showed that in blood and sexual stages, TRAP3 was highly transcribed as compared to the other TRAPs. In contrast, the TRAP1 gene was highly transcribed in kinetes as compared to the other TRAPs. Fixed immunofluorescence assays showed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed by both blood and sexual stages. Conversely, TRAP1 protein, undetected on blood and induced sexual stages, was the only family member expressed by kinetes. Live IFA revealed that TRAP2, 3, and 4 proteins were expressed on the surface of both <i>B. bovis</i> blood and sexual stages. Modeling of <i>B. bovis</i> TRAP1 and TRAP4 tertiary structure demonstrated both proteins folded the metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) domain structure of <i>Plasmodium</i> TRAP. In conclusion, TRAP proteins may serve as potential vaccine targets to prevent infection of bovine and ticks with <i>B. bovis</i> essential for controlling the spread of bovine babesiosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2173<i>Babesia</i>infectionTRAPtickstransmissioncattle |
| spellingShingle | Hayley E. Masterson Naomi S. Taus Wendell C. Johnson Lowell Kappmeyer Janaina Capelli-Peixoto Hala E. Hussein Michelle R. Mousel Diego J. Hernandez-Silva Jacob M. Laughery Juan Mosqueda Massaro W. Ueti Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector Microorganisms <i>Babesia</i> infection TRAP ticks transmission cattle |
| title | Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector |
| title_full | Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector |
| title_fullStr | Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector |
| title_short | Thrombospondin-Related Anonymous Protein (TRAP) Family Expression by <i>Babesia bovis</i> Life Stages within the Mammalian Host and Tick Vector |
| title_sort | thrombospondin related anonymous protein trap family expression by i babesia bovis i life stages within the mammalian host and tick vector |
| topic | <i>Babesia</i> infection TRAP ticks transmission cattle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/11/2173 |
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