Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping
Abstract Groundwater is an excellent alternative to freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and developing arid regions. Agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, and municipal activities may affect groundwater quantity and quality. Therefore, we aimed to use advanced methods/techniques to mon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57036-8 |
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| author | Mohamed Shehata Samir M. Zaid Soha T. Al-Goul Ashwag Shami Khalid M. Al Syaad Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed Yasser S. Mostafa Diana A. Al-Quwaie Mada F. Ashkan Fatimah S. Alqahtani Yusuf A. Hassan Taha F. Taha Khaled A. El-Tarabily Synan F. AbuQamar |
| author_facet | Mohamed Shehata Samir M. Zaid Soha T. Al-Goul Ashwag Shami Khalid M. Al Syaad Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed Yasser S. Mostafa Diana A. Al-Quwaie Mada F. Ashkan Fatimah S. Alqahtani Yusuf A. Hassan Taha F. Taha Khaled A. El-Tarabily Synan F. AbuQamar |
| author_sort | Mohamed Shehata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Groundwater is an excellent alternative to freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and developing arid regions. Agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, and municipal activities may affect groundwater quantity and quality. Therefore, we aimed to use advanced methods/techniques to monitor the piezometric levels and collect groundwater samples to test their physicochemical and biological characteristics. Our results using software programs showed two main types of groundwater: the most prevalent was the Na–Cl type, which accounts for 94% of the groundwater samples, whereas the Mg–Cl type was found in 6% of samples only. In general, the hydraulic gradient values, ranging from medium to low, could be attributed to the slow movement of groundwater. Salinity distribution in groundwater maps varied between 238 and 1350 mg L−1. Although lower salinity values were observed in northwestern wells, higher values were recorded in southern ones. The collected seventeen water samples exhibited brackish characteristics and were subjected to microbial growth monitoring. Sample WD12 had the lowest total bacterial count (TBC) of 4.8 ± 0.9 colony forming unit (CFU mg L−1), while WD14 had the highest TBC (7.5 ± 0.5 CFU mg L−1). None of the tested water samples, however, contained pathogenic microorganisms. In conclusion, the current simulation models for groundwater drawdown of the Quaternary aquifer system predict a considerable drawdown of water levels over the next 10, 20, and 30 years with the continuous development of the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:39:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6527000d57004979b385e18af75f501f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:39:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-6527000d57004979b385e18af75f501f2024-04-07T11:18:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114112110.1038/s41598-024-57036-8Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mappingMohamed Shehata0Samir M. Zaid1Soha T. Al-Goul2Ashwag Shami3Khalid M. Al Syaad4Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed5Yasser S. Mostafa6Diana A. Al-Quwaie7Mada F. Ashkan8Fatimah S. Alqahtani9Yusuf A. Hassan10Taha F. Taha11Khaled A. El-Tarabily12Synan F. AbuQamar13Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityBiology Department, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityBiological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz UniversityBiological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of BishaGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates UniversityAbstract Groundwater is an excellent alternative to freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and developing arid regions. Agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, and municipal activities may affect groundwater quantity and quality. Therefore, we aimed to use advanced methods/techniques to monitor the piezometric levels and collect groundwater samples to test their physicochemical and biological characteristics. Our results using software programs showed two main types of groundwater: the most prevalent was the Na–Cl type, which accounts for 94% of the groundwater samples, whereas the Mg–Cl type was found in 6% of samples only. In general, the hydraulic gradient values, ranging from medium to low, could be attributed to the slow movement of groundwater. Salinity distribution in groundwater maps varied between 238 and 1350 mg L−1. Although lower salinity values were observed in northwestern wells, higher values were recorded in southern ones. The collected seventeen water samples exhibited brackish characteristics and were subjected to microbial growth monitoring. Sample WD12 had the lowest total bacterial count (TBC) of 4.8 ± 0.9 colony forming unit (CFU mg L−1), while WD14 had the highest TBC (7.5 ± 0.5 CFU mg L−1). None of the tested water samples, however, contained pathogenic microorganisms. In conclusion, the current simulation models for groundwater drawdown of the Quaternary aquifer system predict a considerable drawdown of water levels over the next 10, 20, and 30 years with the continuous development of the region.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57036-8Bacterial countDrawdown simulationGISGroundwaterPhysicochemical qualityQuaternary aquifer system |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Shehata Samir M. Zaid Soha T. Al-Goul Ashwag Shami Khalid M. Al Syaad Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed Yasser S. Mostafa Diana A. Al-Quwaie Mada F. Ashkan Fatimah S. Alqahtani Yusuf A. Hassan Taha F. Taha Khaled A. El-Tarabily Synan F. AbuQamar Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping Scientific Reports Bacterial count Drawdown simulation GIS Groundwater Physicochemical quality Quaternary aquifer system |
| title | Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping |
| title_full | Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping |
| title_fullStr | Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping |
| title_short | Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping |
| title_sort | integrated management of groundwater quantity physicochemical properties and microbial quality in west nile delta using a new matlab code and geographic information system mapping |
| topic | Bacterial count Drawdown simulation GIS Groundwater Physicochemical quality Quaternary aquifer system |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57036-8 |
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