Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study
Older people are prone to frailness, present poor adherence to pharmacotherapy, and often have adverse drug effects. Therefore, it is important to develop effective and safe interventions to mitigate the burden of anxiety and depression disorders in this population. The aim of this study was to inve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/884 |
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| author | Evangelia Zaromytidou Theocharis Koufakis Georgios Dimakopoulos Despina Drivakou Stavroula Konstantinidou Pantelitsa Rakitzi Maria Grammatiki Eleni Manthou Athanasios Notopoulos Ioannis Iakovou Anna Gotzamani-Psarrakou Kalliopi Kotsa |
| author_facet | Evangelia Zaromytidou Theocharis Koufakis Georgios Dimakopoulos Despina Drivakou Stavroula Konstantinidou Pantelitsa Rakitzi Maria Grammatiki Eleni Manthou Athanasios Notopoulos Ioannis Iakovou Anna Gotzamani-Psarrakou Kalliopi Kotsa |
| author_sort | Evangelia Zaromytidou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Older people are prone to frailness, present poor adherence to pharmacotherapy, and often have adverse drug effects. Therefore, it is important to develop effective and safe interventions to mitigate the burden of anxiety and depression disorders in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the anxiety and depression status of elderly people with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned a weekly dose of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> of 25,000 IU (<i>n</i> = 45, mean age 73.10 ± 7.16 years) or nothing (<i>n</i> = 45, mean age 74.03 ± 7.64 years), in addition to suggested lifestyle measures. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory subscales (STAI-T and STAI-S) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression levels, respectively, at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A total of 92.68% of the participants in the vitamin D group and 97.14% of the controls exhibited vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) at baseline. Mean STAI-T scores were lower in supplemented individuals than in the control group at 6 (38.02 ± 9.03 vs. 43.91 ± 7.18, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and 12 months (32.35 ± 7.77 vs. 44.97 ± 7.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The same pattern was evident for STAI-S scores at 6 (37.11 ± 7.88 vs. 43.20 ± 9.33, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and 12 months (32.59 ± 6.45 vs. 44.60 ± 9.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Supplemented participants demonstrated lower mean PHQ-9 scores compared to controls at 6 (15.69 ± 6.15 vs. 19.77 ± 8.96, <i>p</i> = 0.021) and 12 months (13.52 ± 5.01 vs. 20.20 ± 8.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants with deficiency and insufficiency at baseline experienced equal benefits of supplementation in terms of anxiety and depression scores. In conclusion, in a high-risk population, a weekly vitamin D supplementation scheme was effective in alleviating anxiety and depression symptoms. More studies are needed to elucidate the relevant mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-652d3656d1ac49c0857285afd9a0b81a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-652d3656d1ac49c0857285afd9a0b81a2023-11-24T01:14:32ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-09-01121088410.3390/metabo12100884Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled StudyEvangelia Zaromytidou0Theocharis Koufakis1Georgios Dimakopoulos2Despina Drivakou3Stavroula Konstantinidou4Pantelitsa Rakitzi5Maria Grammatiki6Eleni Manthou7Athanasios Notopoulos8Ioannis Iakovou9Anna Gotzamani-Psarrakou10Kalliopi Kotsa11Nuclear Medicine Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceBIOSTATS, Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceTheageneio Hospital, 54639 Thessaloniki, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceNuclear Medicine Department, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Academic Nuclear Medicine Department, Academic General Hospital of Thessaloniki “AHEPA”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceMedical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceOlder people are prone to frailness, present poor adherence to pharmacotherapy, and often have adverse drug effects. Therefore, it is important to develop effective and safe interventions to mitigate the burden of anxiety and depression disorders in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the anxiety and depression status of elderly people with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned a weekly dose of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> of 25,000 IU (<i>n</i> = 45, mean age 73.10 ± 7.16 years) or nothing (<i>n</i> = 45, mean age 74.03 ± 7.64 years), in addition to suggested lifestyle measures. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory subscales (STAI-T and STAI-S) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression levels, respectively, at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A total of 92.68% of the participants in the vitamin D group and 97.14% of the controls exhibited vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) at baseline. Mean STAI-T scores were lower in supplemented individuals than in the control group at 6 (38.02 ± 9.03 vs. 43.91 ± 7.18, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and 12 months (32.35 ± 7.77 vs. 44.97 ± 7.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The same pattern was evident for STAI-S scores at 6 (37.11 ± 7.88 vs. 43.20 ± 9.33, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and 12 months (32.59 ± 6.45 vs. 44.60 ± 9.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Supplemented participants demonstrated lower mean PHQ-9 scores compared to controls at 6 (15.69 ± 6.15 vs. 19.77 ± 8.96, <i>p</i> = 0.021) and 12 months (13.52 ± 5.01 vs. 20.20 ± 8.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants with deficiency and insufficiency at baseline experienced equal benefits of supplementation in terms of anxiety and depression scores. In conclusion, in a high-risk population, a weekly vitamin D supplementation scheme was effective in alleviating anxiety and depression symptoms. More studies are needed to elucidate the relevant mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/884vitamin Dprediabetesanxietydepressionelderly |
| spellingShingle | Evangelia Zaromytidou Theocharis Koufakis Georgios Dimakopoulos Despina Drivakou Stavroula Konstantinidou Pantelitsa Rakitzi Maria Grammatiki Eleni Manthou Athanasios Notopoulos Ioannis Iakovou Anna Gotzamani-Psarrakou Kalliopi Kotsa Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study Metabolites vitamin D prediabetes anxiety depression elderly |
| title | Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study |
| title_full | Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study |
| title_short | Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study |
| title_sort | vitamin d alleviates anxiety and depression in elderly people with prediabetes a randomized controlled study |
| topic | vitamin D prediabetes anxiety depression elderly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/884 |
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