The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships
An integrative view of diversity and singularity in the living world requires a better understanding of the intricate link between genotypes and phenotypes. Here we re-emphasize the old standpoint that the genotype-phenotype relationship is best viewed as a connection between two differences, one at...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2015.00179/full |
| _version_ | 1819264554135191552 |
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| author | Virginie eOrgogozo Baptiste eMorizot Arnaud eMartin |
| author_facet | Virginie eOrgogozo Baptiste eMorizot Arnaud eMartin |
| author_sort | Virginie eOrgogozo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An integrative view of diversity and singularity in the living world requires a better understanding of the intricate link between genotypes and phenotypes. Here we re-emphasize the old standpoint that the genotype-phenotype relationship is best viewed as a connection between two differences, one at the genetic level and one at the phenotypic level. As of today, predominant thinking in biology research is that multiple genes interact with multiple environmental variables (such as abiotic factors, culture, or symbionts) to produce the phenotype. Often, the problem of linking genotypes and phenotypes is framed in terms of genotype and phenotype maps, and such graphical representations implicitly bring us away from the differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships. Here we show that the differential view of phenotype-genotype relationships is a useful explanatory framework in the context of pervasive pleiotropy, epistasis and environmental effects. In such cases, it is relevant to view genotype-phenotype relationships as differences embedded into differences. Thinking in terms of differences clarifies the comparison between environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes and helps to further understand the connection between genotypes and phenotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-652dddd612514c7ca09ea6d3861a41f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2015-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-652dddd612514c7ca09ea6d3861a41f42022-12-21T17:32:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212015-05-01610.3389/fgene.2015.00179144986The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationshipsVirginie eOrgogozo0Baptiste eMorizot1Arnaud eMartin2CNRSUniversité Aix-Marseille, CNRS, CEPERC-UMR 7304University of CaliforniaAn integrative view of diversity and singularity in the living world requires a better understanding of the intricate link between genotypes and phenotypes. Here we re-emphasize the old standpoint that the genotype-phenotype relationship is best viewed as a connection between two differences, one at the genetic level and one at the phenotypic level. As of today, predominant thinking in biology research is that multiple genes interact with multiple environmental variables (such as abiotic factors, culture, or symbionts) to produce the phenotype. Often, the problem of linking genotypes and phenotypes is framed in terms of genotype and phenotype maps, and such graphical representations implicitly bring us away from the differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships. Here we show that the differential view of phenotype-genotype relationships is a useful explanatory framework in the context of pervasive pleiotropy, epistasis and environmental effects. In such cases, it is relevant to view genotype-phenotype relationships as differences embedded into differences. Thinking in terms of differences clarifies the comparison between environmental and genetic effects on phenotypes and helps to further understand the connection between genotypes and phenotypes.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2015.00179/fullGeneticsComplex traitphenotypeGenotypeGxEGxG |
| spellingShingle | Virginie eOrgogozo Baptiste eMorizot Arnaud eMartin The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships Frontiers in Genetics Genetics Complex trait phenotype Genotype GxE GxG |
| title | The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships |
| title_full | The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships |
| title_fullStr | The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships |
| title_full_unstemmed | The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships |
| title_short | The differential view of genotype-phenotype relationships |
| title_sort | differential view of genotype phenotype relationships |
| topic | Genetics Complex trait phenotype Genotype GxE GxG |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2015.00179/full |
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